Investigation of the intrauterine cavity and tubal patency is indicated for many clinical conditions in gynecology. Despite the varied diagnostic options such as hysteroscopy and laparoscopy, hysterosalpingography is still an important and complementary examination in the early evaluation of infertility.The technique of HSG is quite simple, less invasive, more convenient, and provide reliable information about the uterine cavity, tubal patency, lesions, congenital anomalies and different types of intrauterine defects at less cost. Other than diagnostic, it can be therapeutic at time.Utilization of proper procedure can provide valuable diagnostic information and limit technical errors.A variety of technical problems may occur during HSG. These may relate to instrumental malfunction, anatomic abnormalities, artifacts or functional disturbances, and patient discomfort causing termination of the examination. The technical difficulties of HSG with an emphasis on the ways of facing problems are addressed in this presentation.

In finance field, two ways are the most important to analysis, fundamental and technical analysis. Different experience showed that, using one of them, independently, cannot bring in return more than they are used together. So, it seems are needed more researches in this section of finance field. In technical analysis by using information such as prices and traded volume, indicators are calculated and base on roles that introduce with them, decision are made. It probably the normal roles of indicators are not profitable more than before and are not able to bring extreme return to investors that use them. In stock market without enough efficiency, using technical analysis caused returns more than using fundamental analysis, independently. In this paper will tested to optimize indicators’ normal roles and is tried to produce efficient tools to bring return more. So that are used 50 companies that are much traded in years between 21 of march 2008 to 20 of march 2012 and optimizing are done first by using trying all of area and in second step by using enetic algorithm and finally compare to result from normal roles of indicators and buy and hold.

Ballast as a part of the railway system plays an important role in the operation of the railways and also has a great impact on repair and maintenance activities. Hence most of the repair and maintenance activities in traditional railway systems are due to the defections in the ballast layer and therefore most of the maintenance budget is spent on repairing these defects. These repair and maintenance activities are usually very costly and time consuming and force the line to be closed for quite a long time. These kinds of problems led to the elimination of the ballast layer and the use of some other elements such as concrete slabs or beam in railways. The results show that the time and money needed for repair and maintenance of concrete slab tracks are much less than ballasted tracks, the technical and economical evaluations also confirm these results. In this paper technical and economical aspects of slab track systems were investigated with the help of national and international experiences and it was concluded that they are competitive solutions to the ballasted tracks in passenger railways.

Artifacts are ubiquitous and influential in our world, but their nature and existence are controversial. Several theories have been proposed to explain the ontology of artifacts. Drawing on Popper's theory of three worlds, this paper suggests a metaphysics for artifacts along the line of a critical rationalist (CR) approach. This theory distinguishes between three realms of reality: the physical world (World 1), the mental world (World 2), and the world of objective knowledge (World 3). The paper argues that artifacts have different ontological components that correspond to these three realms, and that each component is real and causal. The paper shows how this perspective can account for the intentional and functional aspects of artifacts, as well as their dependence on plans that influence different realms of reality. The paper explains how this pluralistic ontology, compared to the rival theories, enables one to explain the relevant ontological problems of artifacts. The paper also explores how this proposal can lead to a research program encompassing a broader range of technologies, such as social artifacts. In sum, the paper suggests that Popper's three worlds theory provides a rich and comprehensive framework for understanding the metaphysics of artifacts.