Introduction: One of the most difficult procedures in orthodontics is the treatment of skeletal open bite. This malocclusion is characterized by back ward rotation of mandible, an obtuse gonial angle, an increased anterior facial height, and a E long face appearance. The treatment strategy of skeletal open bite has been mainly based on vertical growth inhibition, forward autorotation of mandible, and intrusion of posterior dent alveolar structures. Early treatment of this malocclusion is of great interest because the therapeutic approach is functional before growth has been completed and is surgical afterwards. Posterior bite-blocks are one of the functional appliances which are commonly used. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of spring loaded posterior occlusal bite block (SLPOBB) on dento-facial structures in patients with skeletal open bite. Materials & Methods: In this clinical trial study, our sample group consisted of 23 skeletal open bite subjects (9 males and 14 females) having a mean age of 9.8, treated by SLPOBB until the open bite was completely dissolved and a favorable overjet was achieved. Cephalometric tracing was carried out on the lateral cephalograms taken prior to and after treatment. The data were analyzed using paired t-test to determine significant changes (a=0.05).Results: Skeletal changes: A statistically significant increase in SNB, ArGoGn, mandible length, anterior facial height, UFH, LFH, and posterior facial height was found.Decrease in ANB, Palatal plane/MeGo, SArGo, SNGoAr, and Y-Axis was also significant. Dental changes: The results revealed a significant increase in Upperl/Palatal plane height, Lower1/GoMe height & Upper 6/Palatal plane height and a decrease in Lower1/GoMe angle. Conclusion: SLPOBB was found to be effective in treatment of skeletal open bite by: 1) A significant decrease of mandibular posterior angles, an increase of posterior facial height, and upward and forward rotation of mandible. 2) Intrusion of mandibular first molars. 3) Extrusion of anterior dentoalveolar height, and lingual inclination of lower incisors.

spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), a negative sense single stranded RNA virus of the family Rhabdoviridae, is the causative agent of a highly contagious SVC disease that primarily affects the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), an economically important fresh water fish species with world-wide distribution. SVCV has also been reported to cause disease in other fishes such as Poeciliidae, Esocida, Centrarchidae, Siluridae and salmonidae. There are several diagnostic tests for the detection of SVC virus, however, the tests have not been validated. The reverse transcriptase – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques have been developed and validated representing a powerful tool for detection of RNA. One of the most important aspects isolating RNA is to prevent degradation of the RNA during the isolation procedure. In this study, we explored the efficiency of protocols for RNA isolation from the SVCV strain 56/70.For RNA isolation, we compared four protocols, two guanidine isotiocyanate phenol – chloroform based protocols (RNX – Plus Iran, Iq2000 kit Taiwan) and two column based protocols (Cinnapure RNA Iran, high pure viral RNA kit, Roche Germany) that were commercially available. The results showed that the column based protocols, Roche method and Cinapure performed better than other methods with the yields of 31.76 ng/ml, 16/21 ng/ml, respectively. Each protocol yielded good quality of total RNA bands (480 bp) being observed in agarose gel electrophoreses but was not observed in IQ2000 kit. Amount of total RNA isolated was lower for IQ2000 kit Protocol. Further, the RNA being extracted from SVC by column based protocol method were resulted in successful amplified using RT-PCR method.

Due to having spring and autumn genotypes and adaptation to weather conditions, rapeseed is considered as a point hope to provide edible oil of country. Two separate experiments were set up as split-plot in a RCBD design with three replications in two fall and winter seasons during two years (2014-2015 and 2015-2016) at the research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute to investigate the effect of sowing season and date on the quantitative and qualitative yields of rapeseed genotypes in Karaj, Iran. In this study, the main plots were sowing dates (7, 17, and 27 October in fall sowing and 9 and 19 February, and 1 March in winter sowings) and sub-plots consisted of genotypes (RGS003, Dalgan, Zabol10, Hyola401, and Hyola4815). Rapeseed genotypes grain and oil yields were 4330 and 1840 kg ha-1 in fall sowing, respectively, while these traits were decreased 43.3 and 46.6% respectively, when rapeseed genotypes were planted in winter season. The highest grain and oil yields (5033 and 2202 kg ha-1) belonged to 7 October sowing date in fall sowing, while 9 February had the highest grain and oil yields (2996 and 1248 kg ha-1) in winter sowing. In general, the Dalgan genotype is recommended for cultivation due to suitable agronomic traits such as number of silique per plant, number of grain per silique, silique length, 1000-grain weight, as well as high grain and oil yields in cold temperate regions with arid and semi-arid climates such as Karaj, Iran.

Barmejamal spring is located in northeast of Ahwaz, Khuzestan Province, Iran. The catchment area of the spring consists of the northeast and southwest flanks of the Koh-e-Safid anticline, which is made up of karstic calcareous Asmari formations. There are sinkholes, caves, and other karst landforms in the catchment area. The existence of several faults has brecciaed Barmejamal spring karst aquifer that may have caused karstification to occur in parallel fracture systems. For the purposes of this study, pH and water temperature were measured on a weekly basis for a period of 12 months and water samples were analyzed for major anions and cations. Flow rate was measured on a daily basis during the recession, and weekly during the rest of the study period. Using the PHreeqc 2.6 computer model, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and the saturation index of calcite and dolomite were also estimated. Three distinct periods belonging to three recession coefficients (\1, \2, \3) were observed in the hydrograph of the Barmejamal spring. No considerable differences were observed between the first and second recession coefficients. Base flow for \1, \2 and \3 constituted 49%, 75.34%, and 100% of the total flow in the first and second recession periods and in the precipitation period, respectively. The variation of specific conductance, calcium and bicarbonate concentrations, and calcite saturation indices were not significant throughout the study period. The morphology and geology of the Barmejamal spring catchment area and the data from hydrograph and chemographs show that the hydrologic system is of the diffuse-conduit flow type.

Sowing date is an important determinant of yield in canola. Cultivation of winter rapeseed cultivars in semi arid regions of Iran however it has high potential for production, but, mentioned cultivars are late maturity and this late maturity cause to that silique formation and seed filling periods mature in the same time with hot and dry weather condition. In contrast, spring rapeseed cultivars are shorter growth duration and in this regard, identification of spring rapeseed cultivars with high cold tolerance for autumn planting cause to early harvest. In order to investigation of spring rapeseed cultivars reaction to spring and autumn planting dates, an experimental was carried out in a split plot design based on RCBD with four replications for two years (2004-2006) in Karaj.Treatments were included planting season in two levels as main plots such as common planting date, autumn planting (27 September) and spring planting (25 March) and spring rapeseed varieties as sub plots in 24 levels.The results indicated that simple effects of planting season and variety and also interaction effect on silique per plant, seed per silique, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, oil yield, biologic yield and harvest index were significant at 1% level probability. In autumn planting, Hyola 401 with greatest 1000 seed weight and high seed per silique had the highest seed yield (4689 kg.ha-1) and Hyola 330 produced the maximum oil yield (2165 kg.ha-1), wherease RG 405.03 had the maximum seed yield and oil yield (2066 and 713.6 kg.ha-1, respectively) in spring planting. On the basis of this result, some of spring rapeseed cultivars with high cold tolerance and high potential such as Hyola 401 could be planting in early autumn at moderate cold regions of Iran like Karaj.

Leaf spring is the main member of heavy vehicle suspension system. The important role of leaf spring is the absorption of energy in the form of strain energy, due to various applied forces. Based on the strain energy relationship, the material with high tensile strength and low elasticity modulus is the best candidate for this purpose. Continuous fiber reinforced polymeric composites, in addition to the above mentioned properties, are of low density, so they can be used in manufacturing of leaf spring. In this work, the replacement of six layers of metallic leaf spring by a polymeric one, with the similar geometrical shapes, are investigated and analyzed. First, the geometric dimensions of polymeric composite leaf spring in comparison with the of metallic types were estimated, and then the behavior of composite leaf spring was studied using ANSYS software. The results showed that the designed polymeric composite leaf spring not only satisfied all the essential requirements of metallic one, but also it reduced the weight of leaf spring by 79%. The critical normal force for polymeric composite leaf spring is 26436 N and its stress distribution is more uniform than metallic type.

In order to investigate the possibility of quinoa producing in Garmsar, Iran, a factorial experiment conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018-2019 growing season at Garmsar Agricultural Research Station. The factors were planting date at three levels (March 6th, April 1st and April 6th) and the three genotypes of quinoa (Q26, Q29 and Titicaca). Results showed that the effect of planting date was significant for all studied traits except the harvest index. Also, all studied traits were significantly different in all genotypes. Titicaca planted on March 6th had the highest yield (2276 kg.ha-1).The grain yield and yield components decreased with the delaying the planting date. Compared to early plantings, Latest date, April 6th, led to reduction of all traits, especially grain yield (about 50%). The results of simple phenotypic correlation between the studied traits showed that grain yield per hectare had the highest correlation with plant yield (0.877) and then with leaf area index (0.832), panicle weight (0.815) and number of branches per plant (0.745) that was significant at the 1% probability level.

Diatoms are the most diverse algae in aquatic ecosystems and springs are valuable as the biodiversity conservative habit and a crucial source of drinking water for mankind. Therefore, study of springs’ algal flora biodiversity leads us to know more about conservation process. In this research, the diatom biodiversity of Tizab spring and the spring-fed river was studied in summer and autumn 2017 for the first time. Thirty-three species were identified from which two species (Achnanthidium pyrenicum (Hustedt) H. Kobayasi and Caloneis aerophila W. Bock) are new records for diatom flora of Iran. The data revealed the flora is much similar to Karaj River flora. This similarity can be due to close geographical locations, as both rivers are located in the Central Alborz region. The distribution pattern of spe-cies was studied in Iran based on present references on Iranian aquatic ecosystems. This study presented that two-third of diatom species had a widespread distribution. Iranian flora data in comparison with European and American database showed that most species are the elements of the northern hemisphere. Diatom biodiversity studies in Central Alborz region is in its first steps. Therefore, much research is needed to reveal the diatom biodiversity and the potentiality of new species in this region.

Because of the passing of the air systems, temperature changes are often very sudden and plants cannot adapt themselves to these fluctuations and get damage. Because low temperatures have harmful effects on the agricultural productions, so, the investigation of these temperatures are very useful for predicting and preventing probable damages. In this study, for determining the time of the freezes occurrence, daily minimum temperatures of Tabriz station were used for a 21-year period. The longest and extreme freezes, occurred during 7-12 Farvardin 1382 (March 27- April 1, 2003) and 17 Farvardin 1383 (April 5, 2004). Synoptic maps in 1000, 850, 500 hpa were also used for detecting the synoptic patterns over these periods. The results showed that, the power and location of the pressure systems that prevail over the area during the freeze events were the main factors that control the freezes. Formation of low pressures and related troughs also have an important role in the spring freezes in area, and the main synoptic pattern that make the freezes is deepening the troughs of northern Caspian sea.