Background: Allicin, a main component of garlic, possesses various beneficial pharmacological and therapeutic properties, including anticarcinogenic, bactericidal, and intestinal regulatory effects. Although it is known to regulate intestinal contraction and ion transport, the direct correlation between these two activities remains unclear. Hence, this study investigated the correlation between the allicin-induced activation of peristalsis and ion transport in the rat intestine.Methods: In this work, we used ileal segments of nine-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats, which have more active spontaneous contractions than colonic segments. To examine the role of allicin in regulating electrogenic ion transport in the rat ileum, we measured the transmural potential difference (ΔPD) with an Ussing chamber system. To study intestinal peristalsis, we performed an experiment to measure the velocity of the movement of an artificial pellet during intestinal peristalsis by recording videos with an overhead camera. SPSS software was used for data analysis and P-values<0.05 was considered as significant.Results: A dose of 100 μM allicin induced a significant positive ΔPD when administered to the serosal side of the ileum (P-value for 100 μM vs. 30 μM=0.038). Removing chloride ions from the incubation solution did not significantly change the allicin-induced positive ΔPD. Removing bicarbonate ions from the incubating solution completely suppressed the allicin-induced increase in ΔPD. Allicin-induced pellet movement in the ileum significantly diminished when bicarbonate ions were removed from the incubation solution. Allicin-induced ileal spontaneous peristalsis was completely suppressed in the presence of an inhibitor of a bicarbonate ion transporter (30 μM 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamine) benzoic acid).Conclusion: The present study on ion transport suggests that allicin mainly induces the ileal electrogenic secretion of bicarbonate ions in the rat ileum. In addition, a study of intestinal peristalsis suggested that allicin-induced ileal peristalsis depends on the extracellular bicarbonate ions electrogenically secreted in the ileum.

The peristaltic flow of a copper water fluid investigate the effects of entropy and magnetic field in an endoscope is studied. The mathematical formulation is presented, the resulting equations are solved exactly.The obtained expressions for pressure gradient, pressure rise, temperature, velocity phenomenon entropy generation number and Bejan number are described through graphs for various pertinent parameters. The streamlines are drawn for some physical quantities to discuss the trapping phenomenon.

The study of the influence of magnetic field, channel inclination, porous medium and cilia on the Micropolar fluid under different boundary conditions is carried out. The methods of solving Navier Stokes equation specific to Micropolar fluid under the joint influence of these effects are presented. The profiles of velocity (along the flow direction), the micro rotation vector and the variation of pressure rise with time average flow rate for fixed values of other parameters were carried out and the results are discussed.

Background: One of the major abnormalities in the urinary system is vesicoureteral reflux which may allow toxins and bacteria from the bladder to infect and hamper kidney function, thus leading to dialysis or in the critical cases, kidney transplantation. A quantitative analysis to characterize urine flow will further aid our understanding of the ureter and also aid in the design of flow aided devices such as valves and stents to correct reflux conditions.Materials and Methods: A numerical simulation with fluid-structure interactions (FSI) was introduced and solved to perform the ureteral flow analysis. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations were used as the governing equations for the fluid and a non-linear hyperelastic model was utilized for the compliant wall. The finite element equations for both the structure and the fluid were solved by the Newton-Raphson iterative method.Results: Recirculation regions formed upside of urine central jet, adjacent to the bolus peak. Separation occurred in the urine flow, behind the moving bolus and ureteropelvic reflux began from that locatio n and extended to the upstream and ureteral inlet. The maximum luminal pressure occurred in the back of bolus during peristalsis. The maximum volumetric flow rate resulted from isolated bolus transportation was measured to be 0.92 mlit/min.Conclusion: Effect of the vital function of ureteropelvic junction in prevention of reflux is inevitable, especially in the beginning of peristaltic wave propagation because of presence of fluid inertial forces. As the future work, we suggest that Patient-specific modeling of ureteral mechanics will be valuable to identify crucial disease conditions and will further aid our understanding of the ureter and also aid in the design of flow aided devices such as valves and stents to correct reflux conditions.

Introduction: Postoperative ileus is a temporary disturbance in gastrointestinal motility that usually occurs after surgeries. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chewing gum and drinking coffee on increasing intestinal motility after surgery. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on three groups of primiparous women admitted to Alavi Hospital in Ardabil, Iran in 2023. Group 1 (n=50) chewed two pieces of turpentine gum with sugar-free sweetener. Group 2 (n=50) drank 100 ml of coffee containing 2 g (1 teaspoon) of decaffeinated coffee without milk and sugar, and the control group (n=50) received the usual care. Subsequently, the time of feeling bowel movements and the duration of the passage of the first gas and excretion between the groups were recorded and compared. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21) using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance. Results: There was no significant difference between the average time of the first gas passage and the first stool passage among the three groups. However, the average time of the first bowel sound in the coffee group was higher than that of the chewing gum group and lower than that of the control group. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the three groups (P=0. 048). Conclusion: It can be concluded that chewing turpentine gum after surgery until defecation accelerates the recovery of bowel function after cesarean section.

Background: Although achalasia is a relatively rare disease in pediatric age group, it must be considered for differential diagnosis of esophageal disorders in children with positive family history even in the absence of typical clinical manifestations. Case Presentation: A 5-month old boy was hospitalized for cough and mild respiratory distress. Because of positive history of achalasia in his mother, achalasia was detected in esophgagography. Pneumatic dilation through endoscopy was successful. A 12-month follow-up revealed no problem.Conclusion: Achalasia must be considered for differential diagnosis in children with positive family history of achalasia even in the absence of typical clinical manifestations. An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance is probable. We suggest further researches and genetic studies to establish the pattern of inheritance.

Background: The relationship between uterine peristalsis before embryo transfer and the success of assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) has not been properly investigated. In this study, the effect of uterine contractions on embryo implantation in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles was investigated to determine whether the frequency of uterine contractions can be used as a quantitative marker to assess endometrial receptivity. Methods: In this cohort study of 68 eligible FET candidates, one hour before embryo transfer (ET), frequency of uterine contractions was assessed with transvaginal ultrasonography. Patients were followed up for 20 weeks. The association between FET outcomes including clinical pregnancy, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy with uterine contractions was evaluated. Binary logistic regression was conducted to test the association between clinical pregnancy outcomes in different groups. The p<0. 05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Of 68 patients, 25 (36. 8%) experienced clinical pregnancy. Multiple logistic regression for omitted confounders (age, BMI, duration, type and cause of infertility) revealed that patients with uterine peristaltic wave frequency less than 2≤, wave/min had higher chance of successful pregnancy compared to those with ≥, 4 wave/min (odds ratio: 10. 8,95% confidence interval: 1. 5-79. 4, p=0. 019). The Pearson's correlation showed a statistically significant relationship between the frequency of uterine contraction and endometrial thickness (r= 0. 42, p=0. 002). Conclusion: Patients with uterine peristalsis of <4. 0 wave/min before embryo transfer had a higher chance of successful implantation and pregnancy compared with those with higher contraction frequencies. It seems that measuring uterine contraction frequency before embryo transfer might help to predict pregnancy outcomes.

Peristaltic transport of an incompressible electrically conducting viscous fluid in an inclined planar asymmetric channel is studied.The asymmetry is produced by choosing the peristaltic wave train on the walls to have different amplitude and phase. The closed form solutions of momentum and energy equation in presence of viscous dissipation term are obtained for long wave length and low Reynolds number approximations.The effects of different parameters entering into the problem are discussed numerically and explained graphically.