Baculovirus expression system has been used successfully to over-express eukaryotic proteins in insect cells. This system uses a very strong viral promoter, AcNPV polyhedrin, for high level protein expression. Here a Baculovirus expression system was used to express the MOUSE Gaq protein (mGaq) in SF9 insect cells. The recombinant protein was made at high levels and it was found in the cell membrane where it functions as a signaling molecule.

The animal health monitoring is required to issue health certificates. The viral hepatitis virus is one of the most important infectious agents in mice breeding colonies. This research used RT-PCR to identify contaminations to MOUSE hepatitis virus. 18 out of 29 specimens were found to be infected, a prevalence of 62%. PCR product was purified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the identified strain in this study was closely related to a strain reported from France. In the conventional system, contamination with different infectious agents is inevitable, thus it is better to replace the contaminated colonies with clean animals...

Background and purpose: During recent years, nitric oxide (NO) has been considered as a molecule involved in migraine headaches. This free radical involves in initiation of migraine headaches via NO/cGMP signaling pathway and vascular relaxation specially big intracranial arteries. Therefore, we studied the effects of aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare and Melilotus officinalis prescribed in migraine treatment in traditional & modem medicine, on NO level in cultured endothelial cells.Materials and Methods: Each crude herb (25g) was mixed with 200 ml distilled water. End extract obtained after filtering and drying. Endothelial cells propagated in DMEM medium containing 10% FCS and 1-2% penicillin-streptomycin. The nitrite concentration was measured as an indicator of nitric oxide production according to the Griess reaction and with ELISA in 540nm.Results: Concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 µg/ml of Origanum vulgare, reduced NO levels compared with control to 13.1 % (p<0.05), 25.8% (p<0.01) and 33.9% (p<0.001) respectively. However, despite our expectation melilotus officinalis increased NO level. The concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 µg/ml of the herb, increased NO levels to 12.7 (p<0.05), 36.5% (p<0.001) & 72.9% (p<0.001) respectively.Conclusion: We concluded that aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare probably decreases migraine headaches by reducing NO and aqueous extract of Melilotus officinalis does not act through this mechanism.

Human implantation and placentation need the direct contact of fetal with maternal tissues. The complex of maternal and fetal factors involve in maintain of pregnancy until delivery. The working on the human samples is problematic according to the ethical matters thus the MOUSE models have contributed greatly to our understanding of the physiological and molecular events necessary for the process of implantation. MOUSE models were suitable for analysis and understanding the physiological changes associated with implantation. Additionally, these models have ability to control uterine physiology through exogenous stimuli, and the ability to manipulate gene expression. Some investigations have focused on the understanding of the molecular mechanisms which regulate uterine receptivity and implantation. For this propose some ways introduce to induce failure In implantation or abortion such as heat stress, mechanical vibration, administration of some chemicals, and usage of proven aborted strains.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 5-HT3 receptor agonist in the CA1 hippocampus area on demolition of ethanol-induced memory. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 96 NMRI mice. Ethanol was injected intraperitoneally, while 5-HT3 receptor agonist (MCHL) was injected intra-CA1. To assess the memory, a single-trial step-down passive avoidance apparatus was used. Results: Results showed that pre-training injection of ethanol (1mg/kg), and MCHL (0. 5 ng/MOUSE) decreased a passive avoidance memory in the adult mice. Also, a non-effective dose of MCHL (0. 005 ng/MOUSE) with a non-effective dose of ethanol (0. 01mg/kg) induced amnesia. Also, the results showed that injection of different doses of MCHL (0. 5, 0. 05, and 0. 005 ng/MOUSE) combined with an effective dose of ethanol (1mg/kg) could retrieve damaged memory by ethanol. Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that the CA1 region of the hippocampus has an important role in amnesia induced by serotonin and serotonin CA1 5-HT3 receptor agonists have interaction with ethanol.

Background: MOUSE embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the preimplantation blastocysts. So it is suggested that ES and ICM cells should have similar cellular surface molecules and antiserum to ES cells can inhibit ICM development.Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of rabbit antiserum to ES cells on MOUSE preimplantation embryo development and chimera production.Materials and Methods: MOUSE 4-cell embryos were matured in vitro at 37.5oC, in humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere for 12-36 h. The embryos were cultured in KSOM medium with or without antiserum for 12-36 h. The ratios of in vitro embryo development of the blastocysts, cell division, attachment potential, alkaline phosphatase activity, post-implantation development, and chimera production were assessed and compared with the control group. P<0.05 was considered as significant.Results: The rabbit antiserum to MOUSE ES cells showed delay in embryo compaction and induced decompaction at 8-cell stage. The development of 4-cell embryos in the presence of the antiserum for 36h did not lead to a reduced or absent ICM. These embryos still displayed positive alkaline phosphatase activity, normal cell division, embryo attachment, outgrowth formation, implantation and post-implantation development. In addition, decompaction induced by antiserum did not increase production and germline transmission of chimeric mice.Conclusion: The results showed that antiserum to ES cells delayed embryo compaction and did not affect post-implantation development and chimera production.

Background: Mice as a reservoir and potential source of some zoonotic diseases play an important role in transferring and spreading of infectious diseases. Considering the important role of mice in transmitting diseases to human, this study aimed to evaluate the geographic distribution of MOUSE and MOUSE-borne diseases.Materials and Methods: This review article was carried out using rodents, Yersinia, Tularemia, Salmonellosis and the terms for other diseases caused by MOUSE. Ovid, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Systematic Review, SID, Scirus and Google scholar databases were searched to find the relevant articles. A total number of 600 articles were retrieved and their titles and abstracts were reviewed. The irrelevant articles were excluded and the eligible ones selected and finally the results were analyzed.Results: Findings of this study indicated a new geographical distribution for MOUSE and MOUSE-borne diseases in Iran. Moreover, the results of this study clearly showed the types of disease transmission and distribution by mice in Iran. Such places can be labeled as high-risk areas in order to use the effective control methods.Conclusion: Results show that mice are the important reservoirs of diseases in Iran. Important foci of the diseases in almost all areas of Iran are dispersed. Therefore, reliable methods to control mice are important.

Background: Since embryonic stem (ES) cells have the dual ability to proliferate indefinitely and differentiate into multiple tissue types, ES cells could potentially provide an unlimited cell supply for human transplantation.Objective: In order to study the differentiation of MOUSE embryonic stem (mES) cells, they were cultured in suspension by using ES media without Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) to induce spontaneous differentiation. Cellular morphology of differentiated derivatives was then evaluated.Materials and Methods: Undifferentiated mES from our laboratory were cultured in three different settings by using ES media containing 0.1% / 1mM trypsin/EDTA and removing LIF; in the absence of murine embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder cells (group 1), in the presence of MEF feeder cells with a density of 0.5×105 cells/ml (group 2), and 0.5×106 cells/ml (group 3). Five days after the initiation of cell culture, and inducing mES cells to form embryoid bodies (EBs), they were removed from dish by centrifugation, and then they were cultured on collagen coated dishes for 20 days. The dishes were fixed and stained by Wright-Gimsa method at the end of the study period.Results: In group 1, mES cells showed spontaneous differentiation to all derivatives of three germ cells, including: epithelia like, fibroblast like and neron-like cells. In group 2, almost all ES cells were found to be differentiated into granular progenitor cells including hematopoietic cell lineages. In group 3, various morphologies including nerve cell lineages and fibroblastlike cells were detected.Conclusion: Differentiation of mES cells can be a dose response process, depending on the factors that may be released from MEF feeder layer to ES media in a coculture system. Our results indicated that in the presence of low numbers of MEF cells, mES cells can spontaneously differentiate into hematopoeitic cell lineages.