Introduction: Ethical leadership is leadership focused on appropriate behavior through respect for ethics and values, as well as the rights and dignity of others. Ethical leadership can add value to businesses by motivating employees and fulfilling company values. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between ethical leadership and cooperative social responsibility and the moral climate of the organization. Material & Methods: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research included all employees of Management and Science University (MSU) in Malaysia. Among them, 200 people were selected as the research sample using a simple random sampling method. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling method. Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that ethical leadership has a direct and positive effect on cooperative social responsibility and ethical climate. Also, moral climate has a direct and positive effect on cooperative social responsibility. At the same time, ethical leadership has an indirect and positive effect on cooperative social responsibility through the mediation of ethical climate. Conclusion: Ethical leadership can affect their social responsibility by inspiring employees to motivate and align with the company's values. The results of this research showed that ethical leadership leads to greater employee satisfaction and collaborative responsibility and leads to the formation of an ethical atmosphere in the organization

Cooperative funds are considered a major part of the financial system. As in some countries, cooperative funds are considered the largest financial institutions. Cooperative finance, retain existing jobs and creating new job opportunities sue a major cause of established Cooperation Fund. This study examines the correlations Cooperative Fund Facility (separation process of payments and separation where financing) and entrepreneur in the cooperative sector deals. Whether between the Cooperative Fund facilities and Cooperative sector entrepreneur exist a significant relationship? And the effectiveness of the facility of domestic resources is more or effectiveness of the Facility a Note resources in the entrepreneur? To answer these questions was chosen a sample containing 45data - Year Fund in Ardebil province during the period 84-88 that equal to the entire statistical community of research. Hypotheses using Pearson correlation coefficient were measured. Test results of the first main hypothesis suggest that there is no significant relationship between Facilities cooperation Fund (a separate process of payments) and entrepreneur, so we conclude the Cooperative fund facility has not been effective in development cooperation sector. The results of the second major hypothesis testing shows that there are significant relationship between Cooperative Fund Facility from domestic sources and entrepreneur, while there is no significant relationship between Cooperative Fund of facilities from Note resources and entrepreneur and can be concluded that the effectiveness of Cooperative facilities funds from internal resources is more Note Of resources.

In the cellular industry, the components of products are manufactured by multiple companies that are distributed across di erent regions, hence increasing production costs. In this regard, the present study aims to introduce a cooperative cellular manufacturing system to decrease these costs. To this end, a mathematical programming model was proposed to estimate the production cost in the case of companies working independently, and the model was then extended to consider coalitional conditions in which the companies cooperated as an integrated cell formation system. A key question that arises in this scenario is how to arrange the cells and machines of multiple companies when their cell formation systems are designed cooperatively. Through a realistic case study of three high-tech suppliers of Mega Motor Company, we demonstrated that these companies could reduce the costs using a cooperative cellular manufacturing system. Then, the cost savings of each coalition of companies obtained from cooperation was computed to get a fair allocation of the cost savings among the cooperating  rms. Four cooperative game theory methods including Shapley value, -value, core-center, and least core were then proposed to examine fair sharing of cost saving. A comprehensive analysis of the case study revealed signi cant managerial insights.

Creating structural changes for efficiency improvement in the economy of cooperative sector requires a comprehensive study, using a quick and focused approach. This will substitute more efficient strategies for former policies in line with growth and development of cooperative sector. Cooperative industries are of the most important areas of activity in the cooperative sector. In order to have a clear view of growth in this sector it is necessary to rank cooperative industries according to their efficiency.In this study, statistical methods such as numerical taxonomy and factor analysis have been used to rank cooperative industries on the basis of macro-economic variables including per capita employment, investment production and exports. Ranking cooperative industries showed that the food and beverage manufacturing industry has the first degree priority because of the cheap and unskilled labor as well as its inputs which is securable domestically. This means that paying attention to cooperative food and beverage industry would be most effective in terms of the sector's development.

In today's market, price is considered as a determining factor for a company's survival and productivity. Manufacturers and retailers try to lure customers and increase sales by cutting prices. In addition to the price factor, also many companies try to form a reliable brand, with the aim of improving services, warranty and enhancing the quality. In this paper, pricing decisions for two substitutable products in a supply chain with a common retailer and two competitive manufacturers are considered. Orders of the common retailer are two substitutable products from the two manufacturers who sell their products with warranty in the market. Moreover, product warranty affects the retailer's orders such that lower product price and longer warranty period, will encourage the retailer to buy more goods. The retailer sets the market price and the two manufacturers set the wholesale prices for the retailer. Manufacturers must price their products based on their cost structure, and react to effort of competitors to earn a maximum profit. In addition, the pricing strategy of manufacturers should never be a pointless price war, but rational corrective measures taken under competitive circumstances. The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of different competitive strategies, different power structures of channel members, and the effects of a warranty period on desired pricing decisions. For this purpose, five decentralized games such as cooperation/non-cooperation of manufacturers with different powers, Nash and Stackelberg games are created. Different forms of balanced decision-making are identified. Through comparison and systematic analysis, some of interesting and valuable management insights along with the effects of different decision-making strategies on manufacturers and market power are studied in various models. We find out that, by being the leader, retailer earns higher profits. Also, all members of the network, particularly consumers, are looking for lower retail prices, longer warranty period and greater profits. Therefore, cooperation of the manufacturers is required.

The time difference of arrival based approach to wireless localization is perhaps one of the most interesting research subjects over the past decade. A method using copula function is proposed for source localization using TDOA measurements for both noncooperative and cooperative scheme. The proposed method is started with noncooperative localization, and finaly is extended to the cooperative localization problem. Because of unknown measurement noise covariance matrix, by using the theory of copulas with Sklar’s theorem, the joint likelihood function of TDOA measurements is coupled to the corresponding univariate marginal likelihood functions. Then, an attractive alternative using method of inference functions for margings is applied to the maximum likelihood estimation. The procedure involving maximization of univariate marginal likelihood functions and then estimation of copula parameter. The maximization suffers from noncovexity, so we apply semidefinite relaxation techniques to derive a convex estimator. Simulation results corroborate the performance of the proposed method as for sufficient signal to noise ratio, we observe one meter of improvement in source location accuracy.