BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Sarcoidosis (Sa), a multisystem disease of unknown etiology presents protean manifestations. Triad of Sa-gout-psoriasis has been reported in a few patients but coexistence of Sa and gout has not been reported. CASES: A 36-year-old man presented with acute polyarthritis, bilateral hilar adenopathies and erytheme nodosum. Diagnosis of acute gout was established with regard to clinical findings, refusing other causes of acute arthritis and identification of monourate crystals from synovial fluids. Diagnosis of Sa was confirmed by extensive exploration including CT scanning of thorax, bronchoscopy and biopsy of epitrochlear adenopathies. CONCLUSION: Development of gout may be due to hyperuicemia (caused by granolumatous tissue destruction) or release of inflammatory cytokines from granolumatous tissue destruction of Sa.

Pericardial hemangioma is very rare and their coincidence with other visceral hemamgiomas is exceptional. We are reporting a 72-year-old man with an incidentally discovered pericardial hemangioma during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and mitral valve replacement surgery and a prior history of multiple hepatic cavernous hemangiomas. This case has been reported due to its extreme rarity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of this kind reported till date.

Introduction: Digital clubbing is a clinically descriptive term, referring to bulbous uniform swelling of the soft tissue of the terminal phalanx of a digit with subsequent loss of the normal angle between the nail and the nail bed. It is associated with various underlying pulmonary, cardiovascular, neoplastic, infectious, hepatobiliary, mediastinal, endocrine, and gastrointestinal diseases. Finger clubbing also may occur without evident underlying disease, as an idiopathic form.Case presentation: We present a case of clubbing due to foreign body aspiration. A 7 year-old boy referred to our clinic for evaluation of causes of dyspnea from 8 months ago. Growth and development were normal. Past history was negative for other diseases. Physical examination revealed wheezing and clubbing of nails. Other organs were normal. He had treatments for asthma and pneumonia for along time. Bronchoscopy was done and foreign body was found and removed.Conclusion: This was a rare case of clubbing due to foreign body aspiration. Observation of clubbing might mislead us toward organic diseases. However, foreign body aspiration can cause clubbing as well.

Tunisia in contrast with the other Arabic countries, why and how has a democratic transition (and relatively successful) after the revolutions of Arab Spring? To this short and simple answer, it couldn’, t make the fast and brief response and necessarily, via contributing to a contextual theoretical framework, the archive consists of Tunisian endeavors (elites and the ordinary people) must be explored to specify the achievement of Tunisia and its 2011 revolution had not been gained instantly and accidentally. Moreover behind it, being of cumulative lived/historical experiences would be existing. So, as a methodological remark, the historical/cultural context of Tunisia-as a tolerating and peaceful context-is analyzed in this article to be shown which public policy makings of pre-revolutionary governments had institutionalized the political/legal superstructures on this cultural base to keep the achievements of Tunisia revolution. Finally, as a result, establishing of vice-presidential administration is suggested to practice dialogue and negotiating compromise,in particular consideration should be given by its public policy-makers to the main outcome of this research –,as a methodological axiom –,in which just through the peaceful cultural context with a communal cooperative sense (like Tunisia), then economical rising and public welfare in Iran will be ascertained.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine whether the coexistence of urethral stricture and stone influence the treatment modality of each other and to ascertain the best treatment modality for these group of patients. We also tried to speculate whether the stone is an effect or a cause of the stricture. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of 35 male patients with coexistent urethral stricture and stone were done between January 1998 and December 2011. Patients were divided in two groups (1 and 2)-limited stone bulk (group 1, n = 30) and extensive stone bulk (group 2, n = 5). The former group was treated with endourologic procedures and the latter group managed with open staged procedures. We used ureteroscope for endourological management which we think eases the management. Results: Endoscopic management of both stone and stricture were successful in all patients of group 1. Patients of group 2 have been managed by open surgery in two stages. All of them are urologically asymptomatic after a mean of 28 months of follow up. The principle determinants of treatment modality were the bulk of stone, its location and characteristics of stricture. Conclusion: Both stone and stricture can be managed successfully by endoscopic method in most of the patients. Bulk, location of the urethral stone and length of stricture is the main limiting factor for the endoscopic management. A stone can be an “ effect” as well as the “ cause” of strictured urethra.

The study of genres is one of the significant subjects in the field of literary criticism and theory, which regained importance in contemporary literature following the upswing of criticism. The advancement of discussions related to literary genres also faced challenges. Genres come into existence for different reasons. For example, they sometimes form sub-genres of the same type inside themselves or form them independently; they may also live inside the dominant genre as a recessive genre, associate with other genres, or form kinship relationships. After coming into existence, sub-genres also move in a similar direction. The mixture of genres and sub-genres sometimes generates new genres and micro-genres in different manners. Micro-genres also make the same effort for survival. In such a situation, some sub-genres and micro-genres fade and sometimes they may revive or resurrect in other situations. These relationships and the progress of genres from the beginning to the end – which can be called the struggle for survival in genres – can solve problems like the ingenuousness of genres, the impossibility of including sub-genres under a specific genre, and the mixture of genres, subgenres and micro-genres.

SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: One of the main contemporary issues worldwide is to achieve sustainable peace wherein people of different cultures are at peace with one another. In such a situation, it is expected that Islam, as the last and perfect divine religion, will provide solutions for various issues and problems that are in the way of human life, and this article was written with this purpose. METHOD AND FINDING: In this qualitative research, which is a type of exploratory study, the religion of Islam strives not only to correct the apparent behavior of human beings towards each other,but also looks at the problem at its core and provides a solution for them. In other words, the model lays the foundation for Islamic culture that manifests peaceful coexistence in human action and is in line with the ultimate human goal. The Islamic model of peaceful coexistence among human beings uses the traditional categorization of Islamic teachings of theology (worldview), jurisprudential (the dos and don'ts), and ethics (the paramount of human potentials), that these elements are interconnected. In such a way that the model firstly refines the self and then the society. CONCLUSION: The results show that the Islamic model has the ability to lay the foundations of peaceful coexistence among human beings.

Coexistence between hydroid Protulophila gestroi Rovereto, 1901 and family Serpulidea have been reported from many localies in Europe (England, France, Germany,…) and Middle East (Syria) from Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) to Pliocene. In this study coexistence for the first time in Iran and second time in Middle East are reported. The symbiont in Debarsu formation at Haftuman region in south west of Khur city has been identified. Debarsu formation with age of Early-Middle Cenomanian contains a rich collection of coexistence hydroid Protulophila gestroi with serpulid Rotulispira at 225 m from their base.