One of the most significant features of Iranian society is immigrating of Iranian tribes to nearby and also to distant lands which, in different historical eras, has proved quite helpful in spreading great cultural achievements to overseas. Immigrating of Baloch people to ZANZIBAR, a Tanzanian archipelago off the coast of East Africa, and the critical role it plays in establishment of a Baloch community in some parts of countries such as Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and democratic Congo, have created friendly relationships among these differing communities without causing any biased discrimination against the Muslim inhabitants of these countries. This has led to remarkable consequences which will be discussed in this article. In fact, the writer will not only discuss about the reasons why such immigration happened and how those Baloch people from Iran (and Oman) have established a community in ZANZIBAR, but also he will trace the Baloch people’ s general conditions in this island since more than 350 years ago up to the present time. In addition, the article will investigate into their role in distribution of different aspects of Iran’ s civilization and culture in ZANZIBAR based on current documents.

One of the most important elements of public space in Stone Town of ZANZIBAR is the baraza. The baraza is the place where people sit, meet, talk, and even rest. In its simplest form, the baraza is a platform built in front of houses or in open public spaces. Although the baraza was brought to Stone Town from rural areas of ZANZIBAR in the past century, today it is a part of its identity. The main question of this research is that at the present time, given the formation of new public spaces, as well as the development of communication and social networks, what role do barazas play in the daily life of the inhabitants of Stone Town? Primary research data has been compiled through semi-structured interviews with residents, and secondary reports, articles and books have also been consulted. This research shows that in spite of lifestyle changes and the development of the media, the baraza is still an essential part of the everyday life and culture of the inhabitants of Stone Town: it is regarded as an information base, a place for entertainment, a social unit, a political platform, and a religious base.

One of the important social features of Iran that has always made Iranians proud during different eras was the immigration of Iranian tribes to other areas of the world. These immigrations were an important factor of developing Iranian culture beyond its borders and introduced glorious elements of Iranian culture and civilization to the other nations of the world and in many cases have had excellent results. Immigration of Iranian Baloch to East Africa and their intimate relationship with the people and tribes of this area is a good example that has had very important results. In this essay, the author has tried to deal with the reasons of such immigrations from Balochistan of Iran to East Africa and how they were settled there, at the same time the main hypothesis of friendly relationship between Iranian Baloch and native people of east Africa and their public acceptance in that area has been studied. The framework of the essay is according to the effective role of the Iranian immigrants on the development of Iranian culture and civilization and its cultural and political outcome resulted from the settlement of Iranian Baloch in East Africa are the independent variables of the research. In this essay, by the use of analysis and descriptive method, it has been tried to study the main effective factors in the process of immigration and settlement of Iranian Baloch in east Africa.

The architecture of the Persian Gulf northern shore cities is formed according to the dominant principles of Iran architecture. However; there are some differences. Cities of the Persian Gulf northern shores had relationships with big commercial cities in Asia and Africa through the sea. Thus, these cities were influenced by those regions in architecture. The main question of the article is how the architecture of the Persian Gulf northern shore cities was influenced by its peripheral regions in Asia and Africa? Using the descriptive-analytical method, findings of this research indicate that due to the commercial condition of the region in city architecture during the considered period of the research, the element of Bazaar and caravanserai has been dominant. Also, due to the climate similarity and broad commercial relationship of the Persian Gulf northern shore cities with the two regions of South and Southeast Asia and ZANZIBAR in East Africa was influenced by these regions in city architecture. These effects appear more in the widespread use of wood materials, especially teak and loop-root mangrove, and in the style and design of multi-storey buildings.

purpose: This study aims to provide original and first-hand information about maritime voyages from the southern ports of Iran to East Africa in the later periods. The article examines maritime connections between the southern Iranian ports and the coasts and islands of East Africa during the 18th to 20th centuries, focusing primarily on the export and import of certain popular trade items, based on available sources.Method and Research Design: This article employs a combined descriptive-analytical and qualitative research method (relying on structured interviews with some elderly captains).Finding and Conclusion: The gradual and subtle infiltration of certain aspects of Iranian culture among the indigenous populations of the coasts and islands of East Africa through maritime journeys known as "Gap" represents a symbol of Iran’s successful and dynamic transnational cultural diplomacy over the past few centuries. These journeys, in addition to economic benefits, also fostered cultural and social ties between the southern coasts of Iran and East Africa. The enduring impact of these interactions can still be observed in regions along the East African coast such as ZANZIBAR, Pemba, Mombasa, and Malindi, as well as in Iranian cities located on the coasts of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman.

Surface sediment samples were collected from Tanzanian major commercial ports and studied for the distribution and behavior of tributyltin (TBT) compounds and heavy metals. The content of TBT in sediments ranged from ND­3670 ng (Sn) g1 dry wt (1780 ± 1720) (Mean ± SD) at ZANZIBAR and from ND­16700 ng (Sn) g1 dry wt (4080 ± 7540) at Dar es Salaam ports, respectively. Maximum TBT levels were detected inside the both ports. Metabolic degradation of butyltin compounds (BTCs) showed that MBT + DBT > TBT %, this may be attributed by the warm ambient water and intense sunlight in the tropical regions. A sequential extraction procedure was undertaken to provide detailed chemical characteristics of heavy metals in the sediments. The procedure revealed that about 50 % of Fe in the both ports is in immobile fraction (residual fraction) while other metals; Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, Pb, and Mn were mostly found in exchangeable or carbonate fractions and thus can be easily remobilized and enter the aquatic food chain. This paper provides basic information of TBT compounds contamination and chemical characteristics of heavy metals in the marine ecosystem in Tanzania. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of Organotin compounds (OTCs) in marine environments in East Africa and suggests the importance of further detailed OTCs studies in other sub­ Saharan Africa regions.