The polite listener In England stares at the speaker attentively and blinks his eyes occasionally as a sign of interest. That eye-blink says nothing to Americans, who expect the listener to nod or to murmur something such as "mm - hmm”. And in some parts of  Far East, it is impolite to look at the other person at all during conversation.It is often argued that, in teaching foreign languages, Culture and language are interwoven in a way that it is not possible to present language without its Culture. However, until a new method of teaching language, called communicative approach, which is sociolinguistically oriented, had not come into existence, this belief was not used to be observed in textbooks and language classes. This method intends to create situations in the classroom in which foreign language can be used as naturally and authentically as the native speakers of target language use it for communicative purposes.The problem of teaching Culture, nevertheless, does not end here. Nowadays, foreign languages are taught with different and varied objectives. Is it necessary for all foreign language learners to get familiar with the Culture of foreign language they are supposed to learn? As Schumann (1984) claims, is it true that second language learning is impossible, unless one gives up his/her own native Culture and adopts the Culture of foreign language community? What are some relevant issues regarding teaching English in Iran? These are actually some basic questions raised in this article. Whereas definite answers are not necessarily provided in this paper, some areas of research related to Culture, and teaching foreign language are put forward.

Introduction: In spite of the recent improvements in prenatal and postnatal cares, there is an increase of respiratory distress in premature newborns that need to be put on ventilators. Due to intratracheal intubation and ventilation systems, there is an increase of ventilator-associated infection among such neonates; thus, calling for more attention and evaluation. Accurate diagnosis and immediate treatment of these infections may decrease the onset of respiratory complications, the cost due to prolonged hospitalization, drug consumption and neonatal mortality.Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The sampling technique used for the study was easy and based on goals. The population of the study were selected among intubated newborns in neonatal intensive care of Bahman 22nd Hospital in Mashhad. The subjects were diagnosed for Respiratory Distresses (RDS) during the years 2006 to 2007. Tracheal Culture was done and antibiograms were created for all the cases while changing the tube. Also, the results of blood Culture, the number of tubes being changed, the duration of intubation and the number of suctions were studied. Having completed the information forms, the data were evaluated with SPSS software running Fisher test and K2.Results: Among 100 neonates who were studied, 34 cases had positive tracheal Culture. The organisms identified included: Coagulase positive staph (30%), C. Negative staph (23%) and E. coli (23%). The results of blood Culture were positive in 6% of the cases. 40% of the subjects were suctioned 10-12 times a day and 60% of them were put on intubators 3-5 days and 50% of them had their tracheal tubes changed 3 to 4 times during hospitalization period.Conclusion: Repeated sterile suctioning as well as reducing the time of intubation and the number of tube changing diminished the formation of organism colonization in trachea.

In late June 2013, because of sudden and unjustified increase in mortality of apparent healthy fish in Hasanloo dam cage Culture, random sampling was convicted from a live dying and dead fishes. Forty fishes (20 alive and 20 dead fishes) from two cage with the weight of 200-300 gr were sampled. Samples were sent to private factor laboratory ice pieces for evolution. Some physicochemical parameters of Hasanloo dam water including nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, soluble solid materials, temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH was measured. To investing the probability of bacterial, fungal and parasitic discover outbreaks sample were taken from the kidney, gills and skin of fish. The result of different investing revealed the presence of algal bloom, oxygen shortage, executive problems and fishing net fountain obstruction due to accumulation of planktons and suspended material. Because of increase in light intensity, nutritive substances level, warming of water temperature and static suability of water hydrological status, algal blooming had occurred in Hasanloo dam that not only destroyed the gills of fish but also created competition for soluble oxygen at night with some phytoplankton species causing hypoxia and death of salmon in the breeding farm. The result of general bacterial cutler was negative and mild secondary infection with S aprolegnia species was detected in PGYEA Culture. The result of liver histopathology indicated the presence of hepatic ceroidosis because of non-standard diets with high levels of carbohydrates. Gill blade inflammation and hyperplasia was the observed. Due to high amounts of ionized ammonia among Culture nets resolving from summer mortality syndrome.

Protozoa of the genus Giardia lamblia lives in proximal part of the small intestine of humans and causes disturbance, disease and malabsorption, especially in children. Since this protozoa is one of the most prevalent pathogens in humans and is very important in the field of medicine, therefore, investigation about this parasite is necessary. Biological study of protozoa needs in vitro Culture of trophozoites. Due to the development of serological tests and need for parasite antigens, in vitro cultivation of trophozoite is warranted. In this study, RPMI 1640 Culture medium was used for Giardia growth and reproduction. Giardia cysts were purified by the four - layer sucrose method. After induction by acid solution, cycts were transferred to Culture tubes and incubated in 370C. After 24 hours, samples were checked once a day for one week. From 53 Culture samples,Giardia lamblia trophozoite was seen in 25 samples. Reproduction of protozoa in a large scale was not possible for a long time. Mean period of trophozoite viability was found to be 38.6 hours. Results of this study demonstrated that RPMI 1640 can be used for Giardia excystation and maintenance, but it is necessary to add other nutritional materials for reproduction and passage of trophozoites.

Globalization as a concept for explaining the contemporary condition of the world is still vague and unclear, in spite of vast amount of efforts and discussion in order to clarify its meaning and definition. The reasons are numerous and different. But one of the main causes leading to this situation is related to Culture. In fact, most of the problems we have in reaching to a theoretical agreement in the area of the globalization theory come from this side. This essay, focusing on the controversies around the meaning of globalization, discusses the difficulties Culture has produced in this area. Doing this, it first elaborates on the issue of the problematic of Culture for globalization theory. What we mean when we speak of Culture as a thorny issue. Its second theme is to investigate why globalization theory has encountered with such a difficulty when it came to embed the area of Culture in its scope. The essay in the end will reach to the conclusion that globalization theory is unable to solve the problem Culture has generated for it, and could not solve it unless it makes a very dramatic change.

In this article art education is discussed as a new concept in which artistic researches occur in visual Culture. In cultural contemporary life, art education is explained in visual Culture framework. Here we talk more detailed aims rather Art. There is more emphasize on the progress of contemporaneous Culture lead to more changes of visual Culture. Another explanation of visual Culture, thereafter, is given. Two final sections of article devote to art curriculum and its landscape in schools and some educational suggestions for art teaching.

Culture is a category focused on by many theorists throughout history. One of the key issues in this regard lies in the necessity and the possibility or the refusal to control and manage the Culture and the limits of government intervention in Culture. The comprehensive and totalitarian view of unifying the Culture and the liberal viewpoint, by rejecting the possibility of managing Culture, tends to spontaneous order. The present paper seeks to explain Culture management in the thoughts of Ayatollah Khamenei. To answer these questions, after explaining the main concepts, the ontological, anthropological, epistemological, and sociological foundations are raised and based on them, principles are extracted. Based on the principles, gardening the Culture, as Ayatollah Khamenei`s model of managing Culture, is explained. The research strategy is qualitative and the method is transcendent inference.

This paper is an attempt to shed light on questions such as Culture, translation and the strategies used for translating Culture -specific items (CSIs). Examples of Culture-specific items are presented following which the strategies and processes developed and employed in order to produce an acceptable translation in the target language of CSIs found in the source language texts will be discussed. The paper concludes presenting instances of extreme adjustment and adaptation of CSIs found in the western literature as were translated by Iranian translators during Qajar Era in late 19thcentury and early 20thc century.