Extended Abstract Background: In recent decades, the poultry farming industry has used antibiotics for prevention, maintaining health, stimulating growth, and improving production. Due to the increase in bacterial resistance and their retention in the tissue and secondary effects, the use of antibiotics as growth promotors in the livestock and poultry industry has caused concerns. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has caused concerns in the livestock and poultry industry due to the increase in bacterial resistance, their retention in tissues, and the occurrence of dangerous diseases, such as cancer. The unauthorized use of these compounds in poultry feed and failure to observe the appropriate time interval for removal and disposal from the carcass to the consumer market cause dangerous diseases, such as cancer, as well as sensitivity, secondary infections, and increase the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms in consumers. Therefore, the concern of researchers is to use suitable and harmless alternatives instead of antibiotics in poultry diets. Recently, derivatives of medicinal plants (phytobiotics), such as medicinal plants, essential oils, and herbal seasonings, have been introduced as alternatives. The characteristics of medicinal plants include desirable therapeutic properties, stimulation of food consumption, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Previous studies have shown that the use of dexamethasone mimics the adverse effects of increased corticosterone in broiler chickens and causes an increase in free radicals and induction of oxidative stress. Research findings have confirmed that plant essential oils significantly help the development of the poultry's immune system and improve their performance in real or induced stressful conditions. Methods: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the Savofen© commercial product on performance, carcass trait yields, some blood metabolites, and antioxidant enzymes in broiler chickens under stress induction conditions by dexamethasone. Experimental treatments included 1) control treatment (positive control), 2) negative control treatment (treatment under stress by dexamethasone), 3) negative control with 200 mg of Savofen©, and 4) negative control with 400 mg of Savofen©. Body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured at the end of each experimental period. A total number of 400 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used for 42 days to investigate the effect of different Savofen supplementation levels in a corn-soybean meal-based diet on performance, carcass traits, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status of broilers reared under heat stress conditions. The basic diet of experimental treatments was adjusted based on the needs presented in the Ross 308 breeding management guide by UFFDA software. All experimental diets were the same in energy, protein, and other nutrient contents. Feed consumption and body weight were measured at the end of each initial, growth, and final periods. Daily weight gain and FCR were also calculated during the experiment. Glucose, protein, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol in the serum, etc., were measured using Pars Azmoun Enzyme Kits and a spectrophotometer (model Ce1010, England). Results: At the end of the period, the body weight of the positive control treatment and the treatment containing 0.4 Savofen with dexamethasone stress showed similar performance, and were significant compared to the negative control treatment (p < 0.05). The average body weight gain at the end of the period between positive control treatments and treatment with 0.4 Savofen with dexamethasone stress had the same performance, and there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). The negative control treatment and 0.2 Savofen treatment with dexamethasone stress also had the same performance (p > 0.05), but a significant difference was observed compared to the other treatments (p < 0.05). None of the blood traits, including blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, and glutamine, had significant differences (p > 0.05). Both aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase enzymes were significantly different in the negative control treatment compared to the other treatments (p < 0.05). The two enzymes, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, had significant differences in the positive control treatment compared to the other treatments (p < 0.05). In the malondialdehyde component, the positive control treatment of 0.2 Savofen with stress induction and dexamethasone had similar performance, but they were significantly different compared to the 0.4 Savofen treatment with stress induction and dexamethasone (p < 0.05). The total antioxidant capacity was also significantly different in the negative control treatment compared to the other treatments (p < 0.05). The components of corticosterone and triiodothyronine in the negative control treatment were significantly different from the other treatments (p < 0.05). On the other hand, there were no significant differences between the treatments in the tetraidothyronine component. The ratio of triiodothyronine to tetraiodothyronine was the same in all treatments and had a significant difference compared to the positive control treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In general, the 0.4 Savofen treatment under the stress conditions showed its positive performance during the stress conditions, and its performance was similar to the positive control treatment in most of the traits. Therefore, it can be concluded that this supplement can be used to improve stressful situations in rearing broiler chickens.

Background: This study sought to determine the level of adherence to Coartemã in the routine treatment of uncomplicated malaria among children under the age of five years in Nyando district, Kenya.Methods: Seventy-three children below the age of five years with microscopically confirmed uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and prescribed CoartemÒ during the normal outpatient department hours were included into the study on 27th of April to 15th of May 2009. Adherence was assessed through a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire; pill count and blister pack recovery. Patients were then classified into three categories of adherence. Patients who had tablets remaining in the blister pack were classified as definitely non-adherent. Those who had blister pack missing or empty and the caretaker did not report administering all the doses at the correct time and amount were considered probably non-adherent or as probably adherent when the caretaker reported administering all doses at the correct time and amount.Results: Nine (14.5%) patients were definitely non-adherent, 6 (9.7%) probably non-adherent and 47 (75.8%) probably adherent. The most significantly left tablet was the sixth doses (P=0.029).Conclusion: Caretakers should be made much aware that non-adherence might not only be dangerous to child’s health but also dramatically increase the financial cost for public-health services.

Background & Aim: Establishing strategies to enhance evidence-based practice (EBP) requires a reliable instrument for assessing EBP competency. This study focused on translating and validating the Evidence-Based Practice Competency Questionnaire for Registered Nurses (EBP-COQ Prof©) in the Vietnamese context. Methods & Materials: Through a methodological approach, this study performed cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation. The study involved 372 nurses selected through convenience sampling. Content validity was established using the Content Validity Index for Items (I-CVI) and the Content Validity Index for Scales (S-CVI). Construct validity was assessed via exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Criterion validity was examined by comparing EBP-COQ Prof© competency between nurses with and without prior EBP education. Results: The Vietnamese version of EBP-COQ Prof© maintained consistency with the original version following cross-cultural adaptation. Content validity was confirmed with I-CVI> 0. 78 and S-CVI/AVE= 0. 97. EFA and CFA revealed consistent components with the original version: attitude (8 items), knowledge (11 items), skills (6 items), and utilization (10 items). Cronbach's alpha values were high: attitudes (0. 965), knowledge (0. 962), skills (0. 909), and utilization (0. 926). ICC values were also significant: attitudes (0. 754), knowledge (0. 895), skills (0. 823), and utilization (0. 966). Nurses with prior EBP education demonstrated higher EBP-COQ Prof© competency. Conclusion: The translated and validated EBP-COQ Prof© provides a robust tool for assessing EBP competency among Vietnamese nurses. Its reliability, validity, and sensitivity to educational effects underscore its potential for promoting EBP in nursing.

Background: When family planning programmes offer a wide variety of contraceptives, contraceptive prevalence would be higher overall.Objective: To determine the acceptability of Cyclofem© and to evaluate its side effects and continuation rate in Iran.Materials and Methods: An introductory study of Cyclofem© was conducted in seven districts of Kerman Province, the largest province of Iran, in three phases. At first, 14394 women attending randomly selected urban and rural health centers representing different socioeconomic classes were invited to choose Cyclofem© after a standard schedule of counselling. At the second phase 418 of those who accepted Cyclofem© and 354 of those who refused to use the method were randomly selected to participate in an interview. At the third phase the first group was followed up for one year at regular one-month intervals.Results: Nearly 12.6% (n=1809) of 14394 women counselled to choose Cyclofem© accepted the contraceptive method. They had a mean (±SD) age of 28.5 (±6.5) years. Fear of side effects was the most common cause of refusal to use Cyclofem©. The one-year continuation rate was 21.2%. The three main side effects leading to early discontinuation of Cyclofem© were nausea (18%), prolonged menses (15.8%), and amenorrhea (14.7%), respectively.Conclusion: The one-year continuation rate of Cyclofem© use in Iran has been lower than other countries. Further research is necessary to improve continuation rates.

Frailty syndrome is a syndrome in geriatrics characterized by reduced functional ability and adaptive function resulting from degradation of the function of various systems in the body, as well as increased vulnerability to various types of pressure (stressors) and ultimately reduced functional performance. The study subjects were 38 elderly people with frailty syndrome. Participants in both groups were required to take part in conventional exercises programmed by the Nursing Home 5-7x/week for ±15 minutes. The outcomes assessed were static and dynamic balance function by measuring the one leg stance (OLS) and timed up and go (TUG) tests at baseline (pre-test) and after 4 weeks of intervention (post-test). There was a significant increase in the OLS test and a significant decrease in the TUG test in the intervention group (right OLS test p=0.016; left OLS test p=0.001 and TUG test p=0.001). In the control group, there were no significant changes in the OLS test and TUG test (right OLS test p=0.368; left OLS test p=0.157 and TUG test p=0.297). Changes in the right and left OLS tests between groups showed significant results between the pre-test and post-test between groups (p=0.005 and p=0.001). Changes in the TUG test between groups showed significant results in the pre-test and post-test between groups (p=0.004). The addition of multicomponent Vivifrail training for 4 weeks in elderly people with frailty syndrome can improve static balance function as measured by the OLS test and dynamic balance function as measured by the TUG test.

As the elderly population worldwide increases, frailty syndrome becomes a problem that needs attention because it causes health issues and unwanted clinical outcomes, physical limitations, disability, and poor quality of life. Vivifrail is a multi-component exercise program that has become an international reference for preventing frailty and falls in the elderly. This study aims to determined the effect of adding multicomponent exercise to conventional exercise on walking speed and quality of life elderly with frailty syndrome. Twenty-six elderly in the intervention group received Vivifrail exercises 5 times weekly for 4 weeks. Participants in both groups were required to take part in conventional exercises 5-7x/week for ±15 minutes. Walking speed as measured using the 6-meters walking speed test (6mWS) and quality of life using the EQ-5D and EQ-VAS questionnaire at baseline (pre-test) and after 4 weeks of intervention (post-test). There was a significant increase in the 6mWS score (p=0.003), a decrease in the EQ-5D score (p=0.039), and an increase in the EQ-VAS score (p=0.011) in the intervention group. In the control group, there was no significant change in either 6mWS (p=0.402), EQ-5D (p=0.705), or EQ-VAS (p=0.495). There was a significant difference in the 6mWS value between groups after 4 weeks of treatment with p-value of 0.003 and an effect size of 1.304. EQ-5D and EQ-VAS also showed significant differences with p-values of 0.004 and 0.002, respectively. Effect sizes of 0.57 and 0.59 indicated that the difference between the groups was included in the moderate category. The addition of Vivifrail multicomponent exercise to conventional exercise in the elderly with frailty syndrome provides changes in the form of increased walking speed and quality of life as measured using 6mWS, EQ-5D, and EQ-VAS.

VIVIFRAIL© training can become an alternative comprehensive training program to treat Frailty Syndrome (SF) in Indonesia. Fourty elderly people with Frailty Syndrome (SF) subject this study. Subjects were divided into the intervention and control groups, each consisting of 20 elderly people. Both groups were required to participate in conventional exercises programmed by the Nursing Home 5-7x/week for ±15 minutes. The outcomes assessed were quadriceps muscle strength and endurance by measuring the digital dynamometer test (DD) and 30-second chair stand test (30CST) at baseline (pre-test) and after four weeks of intervention (post-test). The results showed significant differences in quadriceps muscle strength and endurance in the intervention group (right DD test p=0.001; left DD test p=0.001 and 30CST p=0.001). In the control group, there were also significant differences in quadriceps muscle strength and endurance (proper DD test p=0.016; left DD test p= 0.015 and 30CST p=0.003). Changes in quadriceps muscle strength in the right and left DD test between groups showed significant results between the pre-test and post-test between groups (p=0.044 and p=0.039). The delta effect size values of right and left quadriceps muscle strength are 0.626 and 0.612. Changes in quadriceps muscle endurance at 30CST between groups showed significant results in the pre-test and post-test between groups (p=0.017). The 30CST delta effect size value is 1.653. Adding multicomponent VIVIFRAIL© training for four weeks in elderly people with Frailty Syndrome can increase quadricep muscle strength, measured by the digital dynamometer test, and quadricep muscle endurance, measured by 30CST.