Around Soleymanieh village in the NE of Sabzevar, there are a numerous gabbros and microgabbros dykes that have interruped Sabzevar's ophiolites. Most of these dykes turn from black to green, white, yellow and reddish. The surrounding ophiolites have highly altered to serpentine, too.The petrographic studies of discoloured dykes show that, olivine, clino- pyroxenes, orthopyroxenes and calcic plagioclases, (high energy level minerals) have been converted to: wolastonite, prehnite, chlorite, epidote, hydrogrossular, pectolite, and xenotlite (low energy level minerals).Furthermore: XRD, thermic analysis and micropropic studies confirme the mineralization studies and rodingite reactions recognized by polarized microscope. Assemblages minerals and textures show that this complex is a rodingite association. Generally, rodingite mechanism start with serpentinization of olivine and pyroxenes in harzburgites and lherzolites and release of Ca+2 from their structures. These Ca+2 cations can not be accommodated in serpentine crystal structure, therefore, they are concentrated in the fluid associated with serpentinization. Oversaturated fluids of calcium, and with low amount of CO2, under suitable condition, (presence of reactional rocks like gabbros) react with above meantioened rocks and form calcium rich minerals. These fluids will react with basic roch minerals especialy Plagioclasis and creat a host of roddingites minerals (Xenotlite, grossular, Pectolite and others). In Some cases, somme minerals, such as pectolite and xenotlite are replaced in the form of veins within rodingites.

Background and Objectives: Using computer models as a cheap, fast and at the same time accurate method in studying and simulating the flow in a porous media has attracted the attention of many researchers and experts. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of constructing Roudab dam on Sabzevar Roudab aquifer, which is located dam downstream.Materials and Methods: Sabzevar Roudab catchment basin, with an area about 1828 km2, is located in northeast of Iran in west of Khorasan Razavi province. To manage the surface waters and to supply part of water demand in Roudab plain area, a dam is under construction on Roudab's river. In order to study the water flow system of Roudab plain aquifer groundwater in Sabzevar and the effect of constructing Roudab dam on it, groundwater model of Sabzevar Roudab aquifer has been simulated using MODFLOW code in GMS software with conditions of existing and not existing of Roudab dam. The aquifer model in steady state condition has been calibrated for the year of 2010 and in unsteady state condition has been verified for 12 month period in year 2011.Results: The hydraulic conductivity from the calibration of aquifer model in steady state condition is between 4 to 14.7 meter per day and specific yield changes in unsteady state condition calibration is optimal and has been estimated to be between 0.06 to 0.22. The aquifer model studied here has the highest sensitivity to the hydraulic conductivity and to the discharge of the extraction wells. The reason is that the major portion of the aquifer depletion is done by the extraction wells and natural discharge has a smaller share in the aquifer depletion. Due to the excessive exploitation of Sabzevar Rudab aquifer, water table has dropped in this plain. The severity of the decline in several areas depends on the amount of recharge and discharge of an aquifer. In other words, the general trend of the plain hydrograph is descending and its water balance is negative.Conclusion: The model results show that the water table curves presented by the aquifer model, before and after constructing the Roudab dam do not show any significant changes, because the groundwater water balance before and after constructing the dam is not significantly different and also because it is almost unaffected by the surface recharge. It is worth mentioning that constructing Sabzevar Rudab dam would lead to further decline of the water table elevation of the aquifer. It has been predicted that average decline of the water table in Roudab aquifer in years of 2014, 2015 and 2016 will increase about 0.17, 0.2 and 0.23 meters, respectively.

Urban infill development that emphasizes on utilizing the capacity of vacant and unused land within the built-up areas, dilapidated and brownfield areas is a strategy for controling urban sprawl and its associated effects. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the capacities of infill development in Sabzevar city that is facing challenge of urban sprawl. The required data of the descriptive-analytical study were collected using library and documentary methods. Thirteen criteria were considered to measure the infill development capacities. Then, using the opinion of experts in Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the weight and priority of each criterion was determined. Moreover, the Fuzzy model was used to standardize, fuzzificate and integrate of layers in GIS software. The results indicated that in Sabzevar city, the central zones have more potential in terms of infill development compared to the skurt zones. Although the central zones have less vacant lands, the placement of these lands within existing neighborhoods and their less distance from built-up lands, as well as other factors such as the existence of dilapidated, old and low-quality buildings, worn-out textures, better access to urban services and facilities, have made central zones of the city have more potential for infill development. About 20. 29% of the area of Sabzevar city is quite suitable for infill development, 13. 15% is suitable, 41. 33% is average, 16. 98% is unsuitable, and 8. 25% is quite unsuitable. Therefore, there is a significant capacity for infill development in Sabzevar city which, if used, can reduce its sprawl.

Considering the problems caused by the present location of the city dump in Sabzevar and lack of financial aids for establishing a compost plant, the mayor of the city made arrangements to find a new location for this purpose. The new location, around the city on the road to Kashmar , was selected based on the volume, weight and composition of the waste produced in two different areas of the city on two different days of winter and summer. The amount of the waste in the two areas were not of considerable difference (59 tons per day) , the volume being 172 m3 . Each individual in the city produced 0.53 on the whole for each day, the density of which was 341 kg/m3. The physical analysis of the waste indicated that the corruptible wastes included about the 66% of the whole waste, 62% belonging to the first region and 70% belonging to the second. Its components were: paper 5% , textile 43% , glassware6% , metals 5% , wood 1% , bones 1.5% , plastic materials 6.5% , and others 11% .

The recognition of physical-spatial development patterns of cities is necessary for achieving to urban sustainability. Because, many of sc, ientists believed that a meaningful relation between urban form and urban sustainability exist. With attention to this issue, the purpose of this research is evaluating of Sabzevar physical-spatial development pattern with using quantities models such as size-rank rule, Gini coefficient, relative entropy, geary coefficient, and density gradient and correlation analysis. Methodology of research is combination of inductive and apriority methods. The results of this research indicated that during 1993-2006 years, gross population density of Sabzevar very reduced and from 128 per/h received to 76 per/h. this reduction says that in these periods Sabzevar have had s sprawl. Investigation of size-rank rule represented that during 1921-2006 rate of physical development growth is much more than rate of population growth. Density gradient in sabzevar in 2006 is reducing with distance from city center. It means that in Sabzevar city outskirts is developing. Investigation of Equal distribution grade of population with using Gini and relative entropy coefficient indicated that population distribution in Sabzevar in 2006 rather than 1993 has been equaled. Surveys of agglomeration grade of population with use of geary coefficient shows that distribution of population in Sabzevar city in 1993 has been random agglomeration while in 2006 became sprawl. The use of Holdern model indicates that significant part of sprawl in Sabzevar city has been occurred during 2003-2006 years. In these years, 30 percent of urban physical growth derives population growth and 70 percent of this growth derives sprawl and horizontal expansion and finally, Correlation analysis indicates that between gross population density and variables such as statistic district area, literacy, family dimension and family in residential unit had existed significant relations. Pay attention to this issue that during 1993-2006 years, sprawl has been one of the important features of physical development Sabzevar, it is necessary to urban Manager's restrict factors that create sprawl and horizontal expansion in Sabzevar city.

Background and Purpose: Infection in healthcare settings is considered a serious risk and protection of the personnel and clients against it is a priority. Therefore this study was conducted to investigate the hand hygiene practice in four treatment groups in Sabzevar hospitals in 2005.Methods and Materials: This deh1ive cross-sectional study was conducted among the hospital staff of Sabzevar hospitals in Sabzevar Iran. The study sample (Cl= 95%) with a 10% attrition rate was calculated to be 25 amounting to 100 in 4 groups who were selected through convenient sampling. Luisham Observation checklist was used for data collection. For data analysis ANOVA t-test Fisher’s test Chi-square and Tukey were used.Results: The findings revealed that adherence to hand hygiene practice in internists was 34.4% in the surgical staff 21.3% in the intensive group 15.65% and in doctors 16.59%. Out of 1356 situations of hand hygiene practice only in 306 cases hand hygiene was practiced. In general the mean percentage for the four groups was 22.6%.Conclusion: In general the hand hygiene practice while taking care of patients is low and unsatisfactory.

Background and Purpose: Fever is one of the most frequent disease symptoms and a common cause of emergency admissions in infants and children. Considering the alarming nature of fever and pivotal role of mothers in the management of this symptom in children, this study aimed to evaluate the ability of fever management among mothers in Sabzevar city, Iran.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 340 mothers with children aged less than 10 years referring to the healthcare centers of Sabzevar city, Iran in 2014. Data were collected using prepared checklists to assess the performance and ability of mothers in the management of fever. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V.20 using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results: In this study, mean score of fever management was 4.65±1.64, and 20.9% of the mothers used antipyretic drugs at the body temperature of 38°C to control the fever of children. In addition, 83.7% of the mothers used antipyretics during the night by waking the children. Our findings were indicative of a significant association between fever management and maternal age (P=0.048), education level (P=0.002), employment status (P<0.001), and referring to community healthcare centers (P<0.001).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, mothers with low education levels required training to promote their performance and conceptions regarding fever in order for the effective management of this common symptom in children.

Introduction: Medical wastes produced in physicians’ offices are one of the most important environmental problems in developing countries. Medical wastes are heterogeneous in nature and contain infectious compounds. There is no appropriate strategy to separate medical wastes of physicians’ offices in Sabzevar. The aim of this study was to assess quantity, composition, and the way of management of wastes of physicians' offices in Sabzevar in 2009.Methods: In this descriptive study, we collected three samples of wastes at the end of working day from both GPs' and specialists' offices. The waste components were classified based on the category proposed by World Health Organization. The wastes were separated into four categories (domestic, infectious, sharp devices, and pharmaceuticals) and were weighted.Results: According to the results, total annual wastes produced from physicians' offices were 37276 Kg/yr. Offices of the GP's and specialists produced 18965 and 18311 Kg/yr wastes, respectively. The amounts of domestic type, potentially infectious, and sharp wastes were 70%, 14% and 16%, respectively. The statistical analyses showed that the mean±SD weight of wastes (sharps, infectious, and domestics) for both types of medical offices were 185.99±45.29, 165.52±35.99 and 818.75±114.32, respectively.Conclusion: This study indicated that separation procedures of medical wastes were incomplete in Sabzevar.In order to reduce these kinds of pollutants, appropriate measurements should be taken to deal with the pollutants at their source of generation. The staff members involved in waste collection and transport should apply all personal protection measures.

Backgrounds: The quality of midwifery services for 2 sensitive society groups, such as mothers and children, strongly depends on the midwives’ performance. Recently, quality of work life as the effective parameter on employees' job satisfaction, job performance, and organizational transformation is focused by managers. The current study aimed at assessing the quality of work life among midwives in Sabzevar, Iran.Methods & Materials: The current descriptive, cross sectional study was performed using census data in2010 on all midwives employed in hospitals and healthcare centers affiliated to Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected by the quality of work life and demographic questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 using descriptive analytic indices, independent t test, ANOVA, and the Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: The mean age of midwives was 31.5±6.6 years and the mean score of work life quality for midwives was 10.4±7.1 out of 60 points, indicating low quality of work life in all participants. There was a correlation between the overall quality of work life and the average working hours per week (P=0.021), and satisfaction of workload in shifts (P=0.002); but there was no significant relationship between the quality of work life and demographic characteristics such as age (P=0.30), academic degree (P=0.24), marital status (P=0.27), number of children (P=0.95), and monthly salary (P=0.37).Conclusion: It is hoped that the authorities take proper measures to improve midwives' work condition, enhance job security, and use midwives’ professional ability in the areas of their skills.

Sabzevar Ophiolite Zone (SOZ) is located in northern Central Iran (north of Great Kavir fault and south of Miamey fault) and separates Kopp e Dagh sedimentary basin (in the north) from the Central Iran plateau (in the South). The evolution and replacement time of this ophiolite complex has been in the Upper Cretaceous) Santonian – Campanian) and the Middle Campanian to Upper Maastrichtian respectively. This ophiolite belt contains a high amount of ultramafic rocks, small masses of gabbros and a thick sequence of submarine basaltic lavas with Upper Cretaceous pelagic limestone and radiolarite, which are angular unconformable and have a base of conglomerates of volcanic and sedimentary rocks. This study examines the brittle structures of SOZ and carries out a geometrical analysis. The purpose of this study is to obtain a suitable structural model consistent with the area structures. In this paper, the geometrical condition is compared with all the area structures and a logical relationship between fractures has been identified. Also the relationship between the regional macro-structures and area fractures has been identified. For this purpose during the field visits and study of the satellite imagery, structures and exposure which make the base of a structural map of the area have been provided.. Then with the surveyed data and provided rose and contour diagrams the main direction of fractures and the pattern of orientation were obtained. This direction is N59W, the same trend as the Miamey fault. The structures in the region are affected by this fault. If this direction is considered the main right-lateral shear trend, other trends are consistent with pattern of fractures orientations Related to fault cutting. Generally the fractures with N14E, N68E, N86E, N77W, N59W and N41W trend, respectively are consistent with type X, R', T, R, D and P fractures.