Background: The expansion of the use of audio AND video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural AND economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct AND validate a questionnaire on physical AND psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational AND confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online AND virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized physical AND psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions AND 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel AND neck syndrome SMS) AND has good reliability, validity AND flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion AND Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of physical AND psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify AND study the physical AND psychological injuries of mobile phones.

SWAP model is called an agro-hydrological, agronomical-hydrological AND eco-hydrological model. In this research, SWAP model was studied for estimation of soybean crop yield, biological yield AND available moisture percentage in soil during growing season. In this study, first of all results were sensitivity analyzed AND calibrated based on soybean cultivation for four furrow irrigation scenarios in agronomical years 2008-2009. Then it was validated based on field results in agronomical year 2009-2010. The results of this study showed that this model simulated crop yield better than biological yield. Also sensitivity analysis of the model showed that SWAP model is sensitive to input data of residual moisture AND saturation hydraulic conductivity AND with the least variation in soil input including saturation hydraulic conductivity AND residual moisture, output results varied greatly. Based on statistical analyses, with a lot of existing variables, SWAP model can estimate the soil moisture, leaf area index, water use efficiency AND crop yield well because in all cases coefficients of determination are higher than 0.8 (are equal to 0.86, 0.87, 0.89 AND 0.93 respectively) AND root mean square error is less than stANDard deviation of data AND mean comparison T-test did not show significant differences between the simulated AND measured amounts.

Access to fresh groundwater plays an important role in stable crop production AND secure livelihood of people living in the Neyshabour plain. Decline in groundwater table AND annual aquifer abstraction of more than 200 million cubic meters are the most important challenges in this plain, where about 110,000 ha of agricultural lAND are cultivated annually AND 96% of groundwater resources are used in the agricultural sector. In this study, Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant (SWAP) model was calibrated AND validated using measured data from six different fields located in the Neyshabour plain. For this purpose, field information AND other SWAP required data were collected in the six farm conditions. Calibrated AND validated SWAP model was then used to quantify the effects of existing irrigation practices on water balance components AND different water productivity indicators AND to determine improved irrigation schedules for wheat, barley, sugar beet, cotton, silage corn, AND tomato. Estimation of the net water saving as a result of improved irrigation schedules is also discussed. The results showed that under the current irrigation practices, soil evaporation reduced WPET (Yact/ETact) over WPT (Yact/Tact) by 24%, 26%, 27%, 21%, 8% AND 16% for wheat, barley, sugar beet, cotton, silage corn AND tomato, respectively. The reduction in WPETQ (Yact/ETact+qbot) over WPET because of deep percolation was even higher: 50%, 44%, 33%, 37%, 14% AND 56% for wheat, barley, sugar beet, cotton, silage com AND tomato, respectively. The substantial differences in WP values emphasized the need to control non-beneficial soil evaporation AND deep percolation losses, AND change traditional irrigation system by a more efficient one. Model simulations by improved irrigation schedule revealed that a seasonal irrigation amount of 520 mm for wheat, 440 mm for barley, 1010 mm for sugar beet, 930 mm for cotton, 870 mm for silage com AND 1050 mm for tomato would be enough to get the maximum yields. The optimized irrigation schedule uses 26% less irrigation water as compared to current irrigation practices AND increases WPI (Yact/1rrig) by a factor of 1.2 for wheat, 0.7 for barley, 1.6 for sugar beet, 6.7 for silage com AND 8.3 for tomato because of reduced soil evaporation AND moisture storage in the root zone. Considering the total area of cultivation of the six studied crops in the Neyshabour plain (80000 ha), it is estimated that adoption of optimal irrigation schedules can save up to 165 million m3 of water.

In order to predict the behavior of soil-related phenomena, it is necessary to have knowledge about unsaturated flow AND using models that provide optimal estimates of the retention curve AND hydraulic conductivity of soils. Despite the widespread use of the classic van Genuchten-Mualem model (VGM), this model usually performs poorly in predicting hydraulic conductivity AND modification of some of its parameters seems necessary. In this research, 283 soils from different textures of the UNSODA bank were selected AND divided into two sections of CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION AND their soil parameters were exported AND categorized. Then, by defining the modified unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksc) instead of the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) AND determining the limits for l AND n parameters, the hydraulic conductivity-moisture function of VGM were solved using 24600 pairs of points li AND nj for each soil of the three main soil texture classes. In the following, the optimal l value (l̂) of each texture class was selected based on the minimum value of the hydraulic conductivity estimation error using the root mean square error (RMSE) index AND the n values that had created the minimum errors, were selected as the optimal pore size distribution coefficients of the hydraulic conductivity-moisture function (n̂opt). In order to create pedotransfer functions for estimating n̂opt, we ran stepwise regression in MATLAB software considering the condition of statistical significance (P-value=0.05) for independent variables AND functions for each soil texture class. After creating pedotransfer functions, the results of the proposed method of this research (MVGM) were compared with the VGM results using RMSE AND Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE) indices. The results showed that in both sections of creation AND VALIDATION functions, the MVGM performed better in estimating hydraulic conductivity AND had a higher efficiency index in all textural classes of soil.

This study was carried out to calibrate AND validate the WOFOST model for winter wheat in Qazvin plain. Firstly, the model was calibrated based on the phenological data obtained from the field experiment during the year 2016-2017. Then the model was validated based on the four years field data. After that the model recalibrated in terms of physiological aspects using leaf area index, biomass AND crop yield. The model simulated flowering AND maturity dates with 11 AND 4 days accuracy (RMSE). The simulation results showed an acceptable fitness with the observation data. After CALIBRATION, the root mean square errors (NRMSE) of simulated model were estimated to be 12. 05, 11. 1 AND 15. 4% for yield, biomass AND leaf area index, respectively. Based on the obtained results, the model was estimated all the proposed parameters less than the field data (CRM<0). The highest model efficiency was obtained for leaf area index. After that the model efficiencies were 0. 95 AND 0. 94 for crop yield AND biomass, respectively. The lowest value for determination coefficient (CD) was obtained for biomass, showing the largest dispersion between simulation AND measurements values.

In this paper, designing, implementation AND VALIDATION of a laboratory for sun sensor test AND CALIBRATION would be presented. In this laboratory, power, spectrum, uniformity, subtending angle, AND the parallelism of the sunbeams AND also the angular motion of sun sensor with respect to sun simulator are accurately simulated. Using the simulator, test AND CALIBRATION of sun sensors in different angular maneuvering would be possible. This capability depends on a method for precise CALIBRATION of 3DOF motion simulator AND sun simulator with respect together. This CALIBRATION method is used to make the sunbeams AND optical axes of sun sensors, which is perpendicular to the sun sensor surface, parallel AND coaxial. In the beginning of the paper, the detailed description AND adjustment methods for each of the components of the simulator are presented. Afterwards, an algorithm for making the optical axes of the sun sensor coaxial with the axis of the sun simulator beams will be developed. Furthermore, each of the specifications of the produced beams is compared with the sunbeams specifications using the existent peripheral or some heuristic methods. Finally, a referenced calibrated sun sensor is evaluated in a known angular maneuver by the developed simulator. Comparing the known angular maneuver to the measured angles shows the adequate accuracy of the implemented simulator in order to test AND CALIBRATION of the analog sun sensor. Considering the specification of the produced beams, it seems that digital sun sensor can also be calibrated.

Planning, design AND management of water resources systems nowadays unavoidably include impact predictions. Impact prediction demANDs modelling. In the present study the hydrological model WEAP21 was calibrated AND then validated on Zarrineh Rud AND Simineh Rud Basins. Zarrineh Rud AND Simineh Rud rivers with a discharge potential of 3 billion m3 per year contribute a 50% portion to the Urmia Lake Basin. In the present study soil moisture method was employed for the hydrological simulation of model WEAP21. An 11-year statistical period (from 1994-95 to 2004-05) was planned for calibrating the model. The analysis of results of the model simulation using the statistical indices showed that the coefficient of determination, Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient AND index of agreement for different stations were respectively as follows: Inflow to Boukan dam hydrometry station: 0. 9, 0. 83, AND 0. 95; Nezam Abad hydrometry station: 0. 75, 0. 74, AND 0. 92; DashbAND hydrometry station: 0. 82, 0. 81, AND 0. 95 AND MiyANDoab bridge hydrometry station: 0. 75, 0. 75, AND 0. 92. A nine-year time period (from 2005-06 to 2013-14) was planned for validating the model. The analysis of results showed that coefficient of determination, Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient AND index of agreement for different stations were respectively as follows: Inflow to Boukan dam hydrometry station: 0. 88, 0. 85, AND 0. 96; Nezam Abad hydrometry station: 0. 72, 0. 7, AND 0. 91; DashbAND hydrometry station: 0. 86, 0. 85, AND 0. 96; MiyANDoab Bridge hydrometry station: 0. 8, 0. 78, AND 0. 93. In total, the results of simulation revealed that the model presented an appropriate performance.

In simulation AND modeling of mass transfer phenomena, design of separation equipment; AND predicting the mass transfer of miscible fuels, the mass transfer coefficients is required. In this study, a diaphragm-cell was manufactured to measure the liquid-liquid diffusion coefficient. The cell constant was obtained to be 0. 188 cm-2 with 0. 5 molar solution of potassium chloride solution. Based on this value, the binary diffusion coefficients of 0. 5 molar sodium chloride AND heptane-benzene solutions were obtained as 1. 6×10-5 AND 2. 38×10-5 cm-2/s at 25 ° C, respectively. These coefficients have been previously reported respectively as 1. 5×10-5 AND 2. 29×10-5 cm2/s at 25 ° C. Afterward, the infinite dilution diffusion coefficients of heptane in benzene AND benzene in heptane at 25 ° C were obtained as 3. 14×10-5 AND 1. 88×10-5 cm2/s, respectively. These coefficients have also been previously reported as 3. 4×10-5 AND 2. 10×10-5 cm-2/s respectively. The measured diffusion coefficients showed a good agreement with literature values. Finally, investigating the effect of liquid density of upper AND lower part of the diaphragm cell on the measured value of diffusion coefficient showed that the solution with higher density should be charged in the lower part of the cell.