Purpose: As STEREOTYPY behaviors are barriers in learning and social interaction of individuals with Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD), the main purpose of this study was comparison the efficacy of a 30 session, sensory-motor training program on STEREOTYPY behaviors of 46 ASD children (ages 6-12). Methods: Participants was selected purposefully and assigned to visuomotor, motor, visual and control groups. STEREOTYPY behaviors in this study was determined with objective method and video analysis. Analysis of covariance and bonferroni post hoc tests was used for analysis data in this study. Results: the results showed that Children in the visuomotor group showed reduced STEREOTYPY behaviors significantly in post-test and follow up, while the other groups did not significantly differ from pretest (t= 3. 52, P<. 05). Conclusion: our study adds to the emerging body of evidence indicating that visuomotor training for children with ASD almost is an effective approach for one of the core features of ASD and can use as an alternative treatment with another trainings for these children.

This is an overview of stereotypic behavior in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). This repetitive, nonfunctional, fixed pattern of behavior is associated with autism severity but it is not specific for ASD. There are a wide range of behaviors mentioned as stereotypies. It usually starts in early childhood and its severity is associated with outcomes and severity of autism in adolescence and adulthood. It is usually co-morbid with other psychiatric problems and its pathophysiology is not exactly known. Management is most likely behavioral. There are some reports regarding efficacy of antipsychotics for its management. Further studies should be conducted to improve our knowledge about it and our ability to differentiate it from tics.

Suppression of Akt (Protein kinase B) has been implicated in schizophrenia, the effect of which has been documented to be reversed by tyrosine phosphatase inhibition. Present study has been designed to study the effect of sodium orthovanadate, a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, on protracted methionine administration induced schizophrenia-like behavior in rats. Schizophrenia-like behavior was assessed in number of circuits of cage (locomotor activity), number of climbs of sides (climbing), number of rears, face washing, scratching and chewing (STEREOTYPY). Methionine administration (1.7g/kg/d, p.o.) for a period of 30 days elicited schizophrenia-like behavior in rats as assessed in terms of the measures of locomotor activity, climbing and STEREOTYPY. However, sodium orthovanadate (15, 30 & 60 mg/kg, i.p.) coadministration from day 15 to day 30 markedly reduced this methionine induced increase in locomotor activity (from 40±5.45 to 22±2.82), climbing (from 57±4.05 to 22±2.12) as well as STEREOTYPY (from 159±6.9 to 59±3.9). Sodium orthovanadate treatment induced reversal of protracted methionine administration induced schizophrenia like behavior in rats reflecting that inhibition of tyrosine phosphatase might be a useful approach in the therapeutics of schizophrenia.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine whether kata training leads to reductions of stereotypic behaviors in Asperger syndrome.Method: In this single-subject study, three boys with Asperger syndrome were required to exercise Heian Shodan kata for 12 weeks. Changes in the severity of STEREOTYPY was assessed at one-week intervals during the experimental phase and one month after termination of the intervention using multiple baseline method. The Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-Second Edition (GARE-SE) was used to measure stereotypic behaviors. Analysis of within and between subject effects was done using diagrams for stability envelope and data trending.Results: Training in Heian Shodan Karate decreased STEREOTYPY in all three participants [Percentage of Non-overlapping Data (PND)=83.33% for first and second participants, PND=91.67% for the third participant] and this reduction was maintained one month after termination of the intervention.Conclusion: Long-term kata training resulted in reductions of stereotypic behaviors in three boys with Asperger Syndrome. However, research with larger sample sizes is required to examine the effectiveness of this intervention and improve confidence in the current findings.

Introduction: STEREOTYPY is one of the main features of children with autism. These behaviors are associated with deficit in learning processes, social skills acquisition, increased family stress, and selfinjuries behaviors. The purpose of the present study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of two selected Karate-hand techniques on hand stereotypic movements in a boy with autism.Materials and Methods: The participant was a 10 years old boy with autism. He asked to take part in some exercise sessions. The exercise phase was preceded and followed by some baseline phases. In baseline phases, the participant did not receive any exercise. Change in the frequency of stereotypic hand movements was assessed by observations during 15 minute periods immediately before and after exercise while participant engaged in routine classroom activities. Observations also occurred in the same time periods on no-exercise days during all phases.Results: Results showed that training two karate hand techniques led to reduction of 44.12 percent in stereotypic hand movements in subject.Conclusion: The present study showed that training two karate hand techniques might reduce the stereotypic hand movements in a child with autism. Since the result has came out from a single case study, it could be suggested that more experimental studies can be carried out on autistic participants to investigate whether this technique effect on hand movements.