Background & Aims: This study was aimed to asses the risk of recurrence after a first unprovoked SEIZURE in children.Materials & Methods: In a prospective study we recruited 156 children who were presented with a first unprovoked SEIZURE and followed for at least 8 months after the first SEIZURE.Results: Seventy two (72) children (46.2%) experienced subsequent SEIZUREs. The cumulative risk of SEIZURE recurrence was 15%, 37.5%, 48% at 1, 6 and 12 months, respectively- following the first SEIZURE. The median time for repeated SEIZURE was 4 months with 62.5% of recurrence occurring within 6 months, 88.88% within 1 year and 100% by the end of two years. On multivariable analysis, risk factors for recurrence of SEIZURE consisted of: abnormal EEG; female gender; occurrence of first SEIZURE during sleep; and abnormal CT scan at the time of occurrence of first SEIZURE. On univariable analysis, history of febrile convulsion, history of neonatal problems, family history of unprovoked SEIZURE, and abnormal neurologic exam increased the risk of recurrence.Conclusion: This study revealed that the risk of SEIZURE in our patients was relatively high. Those who had abnormal EEG, female gender, abnormal CT scan, and occurrence of first SEIZURE during sleep are at greater risk for recurrence of SEIZURE.

Background: Treatment of a single SEIZURE is so complicated and has received much discussion and debate. Objective: To determine the risk rate of recurrence of SEIZURE after the first unprovoked generalized tonic clonic SEIZURE, and ascertain the effectiveness of treatment. Methods: In this prospective study in the neurological ward of Mofid children hospital in 1992, 50 children (from 9 months to 17 years of age) were followed up for one year. Children were randomly divided into two groups, phenobarbital was administered for one group and placebo to the other one. Findings: In the year after the first unprovoked attack, second SEIZURE occurred in 20 children (the recurrence rate was 40%), of which 14 (56%) belonged to placebo group and Six (24%) were in phenobarbital group. The majority of attacks happened in the first 6 months of the year. Conclusion: This study revealed that the use of antiepileptic drugs (phenobarbital) considerably reduces the risk of SEIZURE recurrence.

Background: There is still a question whether first SEIZURE leads to epilepsy. Several risk factors have been reported in this relation. This study was undertaken to determine the risk of recurrence after a first unprovoked SEIZURE in children.Methods: In a prospective study between December 2003 and December 2005, 156 children who presented with a first unprovoked SEIZURE were enrolled and followed for at least 18 months. Potential predictors of recurrence were compared, using the Cox Proportional Hazard model in a univariable and multivariate analysis. Survival analysis was performed, using the Kaplan-Meire curves.Results: Seventy two children (46.2%) experienced subsequent SEIZUREs. The cumulative risk of SEIZURE recurrence was 28.8%, 41.7% and 46.2% at 6, 12, and 24 months following the first SEIZURE, respectively. The median time for repeated SEIZURE was 4 months while 62.5% of the recurrence occurred within 6 months, 88.9% within 1 year and 100% till the end of the second year. On multiple analysis, risk factors for resumption of SEIZURE consisted of abnormal electroencephalography (EEG), SEIZURE during sleep, abnormal brain imaging and history of perinatal problems. On univariable analysis, abnormal EEG, abnormal imaging (remote etiology of SEIZURE), history of neonatal problems, previous febrile SEIZURE, and family history of afebrile SEIZURE increased the risk of recurrence.Conclusion: The study revealed that the risk of SEIZURE recurrence in our patients was relatively high. Those who had abnormal electroencephalography, past history of prenatal problems, remote etiology for SEIZURE, abnormal brain imaging, and SEIZURE during sleep were at greater risk for recurrence of SEIZURE.

BACKGROUND: Most of the studies have shown that approximately one third of patients with single SEIZURE will experience a second one. Data regarding SEIZURE-free survival time and recurrence rate vary widely. We investigated the likelihood of a second attack and SEIZURE-free survival time with and without early treatment in our epileptic patients.METHODS: Patients of the first unprovoked SEIZUREs were recruited between 2000-2005 years. They were randomized into two groups: one treated with carbamazepine and the other was not treated. After obtaining a written consent, all patients were followed up for a second SEIZURE for a period ranging from 12 to 36 (19.1±5) months.RESULTS: A total number of 150 patients were enrolled in this study, of which 13 patients were lost to follow up. The remaining patients (71 males and 66 females) were followed up during 5 years. They were randomized into two groups: treatment (50 patients) and non-treatment (87 patients); 30.2% of all patients were without relapsing, of which 48.9% were on treatment (case) and 19.5% did not receive any treatment (the control group). The mean SEIZURE-free survival times were 6 months and 3.8 months in the treated and non-treated patients, respectively (P = 0.017).CONCLUSIONS: We found strong correlation between relapse and treatment started after the first attack (P < 0.05); i.e., the patients who received treatment in their first attack may be at lower risk of relapsing.

Background and Objectives: Epilepsy is a neurodevelopmental disorder, which based on the evidences of prenatal factors, has a significant influence on the development of nervous system in offspring. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of SEIZURE in pregnancy on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced SEIZURE behavior in offspring. Methods: In this experimental study, after pregnancy stabilization in mice, one group was classified as the negative control group and the rest of the kindled pregnant mice were assigned to three groups, including: 1) SEIZURE induction group between the fourteenth and nineteenth days of pregnancy (once in 48 hours), 2) sham group received normal saline intraperitoneally on the fourteenth to nineteenth days of pregnancy (once in 48 hours), and 3) control group consisting of pregnant mice kindled without injection during pregnancy. On the day 15 (weanling period) and 24 (post-weanling period), SEIZURE susceptibility to PTZ in offspring of the studied groups, was evaluated. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis statistical test. Results: In this study, the SEIZURE susceptibility of the offspring in PTZ-treated group in post-weanling period significantly was higher compared to the offspring in other groups (p<0. 05). However, there was no difference in the SEIZURE susceptibility between offspring in weanling period (p>0. 05). Conclusion: The present study findings showed that with increasing age, the SEIZURE potential of offspring of the mice treated with PTZ increases compared to the offspring of the control group.

Introduction: This study was aimed to asses the rate of recurrence after the first unprovoked SEIZURE in children. Methods and Materials: In a prospective study, we recruited 145 children who presented with primary unprovoked SEIZURE and were followed for at least 12 months after the first SEIZURE. Results: Seventy five children (51.7%) experienced subsequent SEIZUREs. The cumulative risk of SEIZURE recurrence following the first SEIZURE was 16.5%, 35%, 47% and 51.7% at 1, 6, 12, 24 months, respectively. The median time for repeated SEIZURE was 5.4 months with 67% of recurrences occurring within the initial 6 months, 92% within 1 year and 100% before the end of two years. On multivariable analysis, risk factors for resumption of SEIZURE comprised of abnormal   electroencephalography (EEG) and age greater than ten years at the time of occurrence of the first SEIZURE. On unvariable analysis, etiology of SEIZURE, history of neonatal problems and lack of AED (Antiepileptic drugs) usage increased risk of recurrence.Conclusion: This study revealed that the risk of SEIZURE recurrence in our patients was relatively high. Those with abnormal electroencephalography and age greater than ten years at the time of occurrence of the first SEIZURE were at greater risk for recurrence of SEIZUREs.

Objective: Considering the controversial results in present day literature regarding the relationship between febrile SEIZUREs and anemia and the high rate of such SEIZUREs in children, this study was conducted to evaluate the association between pediatric febrile SEIZUREs and anemia. Material and Methods: In this case-control study, conducted in 2003, 60 children with febrile SEIZURE(cases) and 60 febrile children without SEIZURE(controls) were evaluated in the Kashan Shahid Beheshti hospital; all patients were matched for age, sex, type of feeding, and use of supplemental iron. Thirty-six (60%) and 39 (65%) of the patients in case and control groups respectively were male, and the remaining female. Levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell indices were determined in all children and Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to analyze data. Results: Of the case group, 13.3% (6 male, 2 female) and of controls, 20% (9 male, 3 female) of children had anemia (p= 0.327), the condition being more common in male children aged over 6 months. Febrile SEIZUREs were found to occur mostly between the ages of 6 to 24 months.Conclusion: The risk of febrile SEIZURE occurrence in anemic children seems to be less than that in children who do not suffer from the condition.