Knowledge of nutritional requirements and especially protein levels is needed to produce strong and larger freshwater crayfish in controlled conditions. This has not been available for the miniature size crayfish culture. Hence, an eight-week experiment was conducted on miniature size crayfish in three treatment groups each with three replicates receiving a diet that contained 25%, 30 % and 35% protein levels with isocaloric digestible energy (DE) 3500 kcal/kg. A number of 540 miniature crayfish with a mean weight 100±12mg were randomly selected and partitioned into nine tanks containing 200 liters of freshwater70% of which exchanged daily. The fish were fed at 25% of body weight five times daily at 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22 hours using pellets 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mm. Nutritional responses in term of weigh gain, PGR, FCR, FCE and PER were compared among the groups using one-way ANOVA. The test showed a significant increase in the indices such as WG and PER in response to increased protein level (P<0.05).FCR, FCE and PGR show a significant increase using 20% protein level while using 30 and 35% protein levels did not produce significant results (P<0.05). The test revealed a significant difference between treatments 1 and 3 (P<0.05) but not between 1 and 2. I conclude that the treatment 3 produces more reliable results.

For improving natural potential resources of Caspian frisii kutum in southern Caspian sea (Iran); production of larger advanced fry in controlled condition are essential and this can not be achieved unless we have knowledge of nutritional requirements of advanced fry especially the protein levels. Until now there is not relevant information regarding nutritional requirements of Caspianfrisii kutum; hence an experiment of 8 weeks duration was conducted on advanced fry in order to evaluate the protein levels. Three protein levels of 25%, 30% and 35% with isocaloric digestable energy of 3400 kcal/kg diet were formulated. One - hundred and eighty advanced fry (2g±0.6) were randomly distributed between nine fiberglass tanks of 400L capacity. Nutritional responses in term of WG and RGR were improved with increase of protein levels from 25% to 35% (p<0.05) without indicating optimum beyond: to FCR and PER were not significant of treatments one and two (p>0.05); however, they were significant with treatment three (p<0.05). Fish carcass composition were significant and improved only at treatment three (p<0.05) which indicating that body protein/increasing while fat decreasing and showed flesh quality improving.

This experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications and five cultivars of red beans, including local of Azna, Derakhshan, Sayad, Goli, and Naz in Jihad Agricultural Service Center Al-Mahdi Town, Azna. Results showed that the highest dry weight, LAI, plant height, the distance between internodes, nodes number on the stem, seeds number per plant and per square meter, harvest index, grain yield, and biological yield belonged to the Goly cultivar. But, the highest CGR was in local varieties of Azna. Naz cultivar had the highest number of leaves per plant, number of sub-branches per plant and square meter, and number of fertile pods per plant. But Sayad cultivar had the highest NAR, RGR, and number of seeds per pod, and the Derakhshan cultivar had the highest ratio of the pod to plant height and 100-seed weight. Except for the lowest seeds number per pod in Naz and ratio pod to height and nodes number in Goly, the lowest Other characters were obtained in Derakhshan. According to the results of this experiment, the Goli cultivar is suitable for cultivation in the study area. There was high and significant correlation between yield, and dry weight per plant (0. 77**), leaf area index (0. 72**), crop growth rate (0. 66**), sub-branch number per plant (0. 61**), node number per plant (0. 98**), seed number per plant (0. 86**), 100-seed weight (-0. 45*), pod-to-height ratio(-0. 88**), distance between nodes (0. 79), height (0. 91**), biological yield (0. 49*) and harvest index (0. 61**).

Water deficit and salinity are the two major constraints for growth and survival of plants and effects of these environmental stresses on plant growth has been investigated for more 100 years. In order to study interactive effect of salinity and aridity on growth of two species of A.littoral is and A.logopoides an experiment in a factorial design with completely randomized arrangement and four replications was conducted under lab conditions. Treatment were combinations of four levels of water deficit (-0/3, - 5, -10 and -15 bar), four salinity levels (0, 20, 25 and 30 dSm-1) and two species of Aeluropus. Water deficit was induced by weight method based on the amount of water lost each day. For this purpose water potential of the soil used was measured by pressure plate method and on the basis of weight of soil in each pot and the associated water potential of a soil, the amount of water needed for each treatment was calculated. In order to keep the water potential constant, daily application of water was made based on weight of each pot. Salt stress was made by addition of sodium chloride to the initial water applied. One month after stresses were imposed, two-weekly interval sampling was made and different measurement recorded. The results showed that in general both water and salt stress caused a decrease in leaf area per plant, RGR, underground and aboveground biomass, plant height, root length and shoot/root length ratio. There was an interactive effect of salinity and water deficit on most of the parameters measured.

The intercropping system is regarded as a key strategy for sustainable agriculture, aimed at enhancing resource use efficiency, reducing environmental stress, and improving farm income. Therefore, to evaluate the intercropping of safflower-chickpea under dryland conditions, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with five treatments in the Research Farm of the Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources at Razi University during 2019-2020. The treatments included monoculture of safflower, monoculture of chickpea, and intercropping of safflower and chickpea with a planting ratio of 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 percent. The measured traits included leaf area index (LAI), light absorption, crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth ratio (RGR), total dry matter (TDM), radiation use efficiency (RUE), and grain yield. The results showed that LAI and radiation absorption in intercropping treatments increased by 26.8% and 54.9%, respectively. The CGR in intercropping treatments decreased by 3.6%, but the RGR increased by 2.5%. The RUE was significantly higher in intercropping treatments compared to monoculture. The highest grain yield (2650 kg ha-1) was observed in the 50:50 intercropping ratio. Generally, the results showed that the intercropping of safflower with chickpea led to a more RUE and among the treatments, the 50:50% had higher efficiency.

Essential oils are considered as suitable components, which can be used as alternatives for chemical pesticides. In this research, the effects of essential oils of two medicinal plants, Ballota aucheri Boiss. and Ferulago angulate (Schlecht.) Boiss., were studied on nutritional indices of adult insects of Tribolium castaneum, which is one of the most important stored product pests. In this study, Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Relative Consumption Rate (RCR), Efficacy of Conversion of Ingested Food (ECI), and Feeding Deterrence Index (FDI) were evaluated. Different concentrations of each essential oil, including 0, 0.4, 0.6, 1, 2 and 3ml/disk, were examined. In each treatment, 10 adult insects were tested. Insects’ ingested food and weight gained were measured after three days. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with five replications. Results showed that F. angulata was highly effective compared to B. aucheri and significantly decreased the RGR and RCR. The essential oil of F. angulata was more effective than that of B. aucheri on FDI.

This experiment was carried out in 2008 at experimental field of Arsanjan Islamic Azad university in order to study the effects of chemical and biological fertilizers and interaction between them on some physiological characteristic and yield and its components of com under two different irrigations. The experiment was conducted in a split plot factorial with completely randomized block design using four replications. Sub plots consisted of combined application of urea with two levels (0 and 300 kg.ha-1) and two levels of bio-fertilizer (0 and 4 Lit/ha-1) in four stage that was from 4th leaf appereance until milk stage. Bio-fertilizers were Kadostim, Phosphotern, Aminolephorte and Hyomiphorte. Main plots consisted of two periods of irrigation (8 and 12 days). The results showed that highest grain yield was in conditional application at integrated treatment 300 kg.ha-1 Urea fertilizer and 4 L.ha-1 biological, fertilizer (12.5 t.ha-1) showed 257% increase in comparison control treatment. In this treatment decrease irrigation (12 days period of irrigation) from pollination stage to seed maturity, decreased GY by 8.9%. In drought treatment the highest kernel number per ear and highest 1000 kernel weight was in integrated fertilizer treatment but in 8 days period of irrigation there was no significant difference between integrated treatment and chemical treatment for 1000 kernel weight. The integrated treatment in 8 days period of irrigation showed the highest CGR, NAR and RGR.And decrease 12 days period of irrigation had little effect on these traits but application of chemical fertilizer after decrease irrigation CGR had much reduce trend to compared integrated treatment. In conclusion to reach to high yield in com bio-fertilizer is not sufficient but integrated application of fertilizers (biological and chemical fertilizers) result in significant increase in grain yield.

In order to determine the optimum planting date of different medicinal flax cultivates, a split plot experiment with completely randomized block design with 12 treatments and four replications were conducted at the experimental field of Yasooj Islamic Azad University. The treatments were composed of four different combinations of sowing dates ((Feb.20, Mar.6, Mar.21, and Apr.4) and three flax cultivars (Somaco, India, and Foster). The measured traits were: plant height, 1000-kernel weight, harvest index, grain yield, biological yield, leaf area index, crop growth rate and relative growth rate. The results showed that there was a significant effect for various sowing dates for the plant height, biological yield, relative growth rate, net photosynthesis rate, leaf area index, grain yield, 1000-kernel weight and harvest index. Besides, the analysis of variance showed that there was a significant effect of genotypes for the plant height, biological yield, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, leaf area index and grain yield. According to the results of the experiment, the first sowing date (Feb.20) and Somaco cultivar are considered as a reliable sowing date and well performance variety.