Mekhnaf Bin Salim Azdi is one of Emam Ali’s men during his governance but he was not completely obedient is spite of his Shia trends and his posts. This article tries to find why Mokhnaf sometimes follows Emam Ali and at other times ignores his demands or disagree with Emam Ali’s wars. This article is done through an analytic- descriptive method based on Mokhnaf Bin Salim Azodi’s quotes and behavior. In fact, although Mokhnaf was one of Emam Ali’s men in Jamal Challenge, but he announced his disagreement when some men of his tribe men were killed in Seffin War. His Khotbes somehow were effective in accepting Hakamiat. He didn’t have any attempt to support Emam Ali in this war. After war period, he also didn’t have serious facing with Moavie warriors who destroy cities and town exception to those cases that his own tribe was in danger. Yet, his family kept their Shia trends and the famous writer, Abi Mokhnaf Lout Bin Yahya Azodi is one of his ancestors.

The intergroup bias makes us to place a greater value on our group members than other group members.  In society, people sort themselves into groups and sometimes they label other groups as weak and incompetent. In some situations, minority groups are viewed as threats by majority groups when they differ too much from them. The effects of such attitudes and behaviors can be profound on society and communications, and lead to discrimination against outgroups and a social division. In this study, we review literature in this area in order to find practical ways to reduce PREJUDICE and in-group bias. We discuss related influencing factors such as intergroup contact, intergroup acceptance, intergroup similarities, social norms, status of a group, and size. This study provides some significant takeaways include the relationship between anxiety and in-group bias and our tendency to behave less PREJUDICEd in times of confidence and less stress,as well as the effect of revealing intergroup similarities through education and social media.  Other procedures are also listed that can be used by everyone especially policymakers and researchers to find and develop effective approaches to improve societies by overcoming in-group bias. Other methods are also listed that can be used by everyone especially policymakers and researchers to find and develop effective approaches to improve societies by overcoming in-group bias.

The major objective of this study was to construct and validate an English Language Teacher PREJUDICE Scale (ELTPS). To this end, 180 English language teachers in private language institutes in Mashhad, Iran were asked to participate in this study. Rasch model was employed to substantiate the construct validity of the scale. The results of analyses exhibited that the whole scale was uni-dimensional and only one item misfitted. Rating scale statistics showed that the middle category of ‘No idea’ was redundant and should be removed from the scale. Some suggestions are made to fully validate the scale and use it in language education.