Cleaning up of contaminations from soil, water and air by plants named PHYTOREMEDIATION. This new technology and science can apply for remediation of polluted ecosystems by heavey metals, metalloids, radionuclides, herbicides, petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents. Different plants that able to uptake cotaminants are often in the family of Poaceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Asteraceae and amaranthaceae. PHYTOREMEDIATION have different various such as: phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytofilteration, rhizodegridation and so on. Plants that are use to PHYTOREMEDIATION should be adapted to climate and soil condition, and have high ability of biomass production and root growth. In Addition to, they should be able to high uptake of contaminations. To clean up and remediation contaminants, we can use simultaneously or sequentially of some process of PHYTOREMEDIATION. Thus, PHYTOREMEDIATION can apply for development and remediation ground water, surface water, waste water, soil and air. PHYTOREMEDIATION is 1000-fold cheaper than other technologies. This technology is ecofriendly and environmentally friendly. Also, established vegetation cause conservation and development of soil properties. In designing of PHYTOREMEDIATION project, should consider factors such as: application native plants, to be suitable growth condition for plants, possibility of use from non-native plants and so on.

PHYTOREMEDIATION of lead using plants in lead-contaminated soils is a new and safe environmental technology. By adding chelators and increasing plant extraction, the efficiency of this technology can be increased. In this regard, we evaluated the effect of adding EDTA chelates to lead-contaminated soils to investigate the amount of lead accumulation in a medicinal plant, Calendula officinalis. We designed a factorial experiment in the form of a completely randomized, with three replicates in pots and two factors including EDTA at two levels (0, 50 mg kg-1) and lead at four levels (0, 30, 90, and 270 mg kg-1). In this plant, the accumulation of lead was accompanied by an increase in the amount of lead in the soil due to the addition of EDTA to the soil. The results showed that EDTA significantly increased the lead translocation of lead from roots to the aerial part of the plant.Total Chl. and shoot dry weight decrease significantly in EDTA treatment than control specific at a high level of Pb in the soil. Also, the results showed that EDTA increased lead removal from soil to soil solution and increased lead translocation from roots to the aerial part of the plant of Calendula officinalis. In general, the results of this research showed that with the careful management and EDTA use in lead extraction, it has provided a cost-effective and safe environmentally strategy.

The technology of PHYTOREMEDIATION is cost effective and ecologically friendly in which plant utilizes its natural abilities to restore environment. In nature there are a number of plants existing with innate mechanisms for removing heavy metals from soil, air and water as a survival strategy. Among several subsets of PHYTOREMEDIATION, the widely studied strategies are (a) phytoextraction (b) phytofiltration (c) phytovolatilization and (d) phytostabilization. Application of organic / inorganic chelants in soil directly affects the solubility of heavy metals and consequently increases their accumulation in plants that enhances phytoextraction. In the present review current knowledge about the PHYTOREMEDIATION and its techniques are discussed.

To investigation the efficiency of PHYTOREMEDIATION, bioremediation and bioaugmented PHYTOREMEDIATION to remove crude from the soil, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments consisted of 3 levels of oil concentrations in the soil (0, 4 and 8% by weight), four treatments of plant (no plant, bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), sorghum (bicolor Sorghum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare)) and 3 treatments of fungi (no fungi, native fungi and Non-native fungi (Phanerochate chrysosporium)). In this study, the isolated fungi from polluted soil was Aspergillus niger. Samples of five kilograms of soil were polluted with different amounts of crude oil and poured into plastic pots. After six weeks, some pots were inoculated with fungi, then all pots were planted with the proposed gramineae species. The results showed that the application of plants significantly increased the removal percentage of crude oil compared to the control. The removal percentage of crude oil was corresponded to cultivated soils of sorghum, bermudagrass, and barley, in desending order. Inoculated soils with fungi increased the removal percentage of crude oil significantly as compared to the control. The native fungus had more efficiency than the non-native fungus in terms of degradation of crude oil. Also, their combined application of bioaugmentation and PHYTOREMEDIATION (bioaugmented PHYTOREMEDIATION) was significantly more than the application of each method alone (PHYTOREMEDIATION and bioremediation); which indicate the better efficiency of the bioaugmented PHYTOREMEDIATION method than the PHYTOREMEDIATION and bioremediation method individually.

PHYTOREMEDIATION is widely viewed as the ecologically responsible alternative to the environmentally destructive physical and chemical remediation methods currently practiced. Soil and water pollution is due to many kind of contaminants from various anthropogenic origins such as agricultural, industrial, wastewater; activities which involve the addition of nutrients, pesticides and on the other hand, industry and urbanization pollute the water with solid wastes, heavy metals, solvents, and several other slow degrading organic and inorganic substances. Dispersion of these contaminants from the source can be through the atmosphere, via the waterbodies and water channels, and/or into the soil itself, and from there they enter the food chain and adversely affects the human life. Important progresses have been made in the last years developing native plants for PHYTOREMEDIATION and/or nano-PHYTOREMEDIATION of environmental contaminants. Generally it is a technology that utilizes plants and their associated rhizosphere microorganisms to remove and transform the toxic chemicals located in soils, sediments, groundwater, surface water, and even the atmosphere. PHYTOREMEDIATION applied to wetlands is an effective, nonintrusive, and inexpensive means of remediating wastewater, industrial water and landfill leachate. It highly increases water productivity.