Backgrounds and Objectives: The Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) introduced as a major predisposing factor of laryngeal and extra laryngeal disorders .This study designed to evaluate the correlation between the GERD and otolaryngology problems.Material and Methods: This descriptive cross -sectional study contained 40 pediatrics with GERD diagnosis. GERD was diagnosed based on the symptoms, radiological, endoscopic findings, and specific GERD questioner (GERDQ). First, all of otolaryngology complications evaluated and the findings were recorded by questionnaire, then medical treatments were started and after one and six months of follow up all of clinical finding were recorded. Results: The family history was negative in 85% of cases. Cough was the most common complain (57.5%). One month after treatment ten percent of gastrointestinal and 35% of ENT symptoms recovered. 6 months after the treatment 64.86% of both gastrointestinal and ENT symptoms were fully recovered. Conclusions: Our study revealed that Gastroesophageal Reflux disease should be suspected and treated in all children with prolonged and unresponsive otolaryngologic disease.

Objective: Planning a balanced academic and practical surgical curriculum that is parallel to the constant innovations in surgical fields is the cornerstone of surgical education. Current training methods have concurrent benefits and drawbacks. In this study, we compare the efficacy of two learning models: pre-patient training outside the operating room versus step-by-step training on real patients in the operating room. Facial nerve preservation in superficial parotidectomy is the surgical model used in the study.Methods: Five otolaryngology residents in the third year of their residency participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: a treatment group, which underwent a pre-patient training program by cadaver dissection, and a control group, which followed a step-by-step training model.Result: At the end of the study, significant differences were apparent between the two groups in the ability to find the facial nerve trunk, microdissection of the facial nerve branches, and the mean duration of total operating time. Conclusion: Pre-patient training programs outside the operating room provide surgical residents with the opportunity to learn by trial and error without fear of complications.

Introduction: More and more patients are using the Internet to achieve information these days. Most patients (85%) use search engines to look for information about health. The quality of this information that patients encounter is highly different. This study aimed to assess the quality of information that an ear, nose, and throat patient would encounter when searching for information about their problem. Materials and Methods: The Persian keywords of most common otolaryngology problems were searched in Google. Moreover, the first 10 websites were selected by each search for the analysis using the DISCERN instrument. This instrument is made to evaluate the comprehensiveness and quality of health-related websites. Results: A total of 100 websites were evaluated in this study. However, 12 (12%) websites were excluded from further analysis due to copyright problems, advertisements, traditional treatments, and other reasons. The total DISCERN score for all 88 evaluated websites was obtained at 1. 89 (SD=0. 49). Moreover, the highest and lowest scores were 3. 66 and 1. 21, respectively. The search for “ otitis treatment” had the highest results (mean DISCERN score=2. 20, SD=0. 38). The statistical analysis showed that the mean score for the Wikipedia. com Persian website was significantly higher, compared to the other Persian websites (P< 0. 001). Conclusion: Persian websites have information with variable quality for the treatment of otolaryngology problems. Repeated websites, such as Wikipedia. com provided better information; however, the total quality of information was not satisfying.

Introduction: Most of the errors occurred in otolaryngology department are preventable; This study was aimed at assessing the selected processes Otolaryngology surgery Department using Health Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (HFMEA).Methods: This was a descriptive research that quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed some failure modes and effects used five steps of health care failure modes and effects analysis methodology which was presented by VA national center for Patients’ Safety. Eindhoven classification model was applied to identification of root cause of the analyzed failures. It was determined recommendation by TRIZ model. To analyze the qualitative data the descriptive statistics (total score) and for analyzing quantities data content analysis and consensus opinions of team members were employed using Excel software.Results: The five high risk process were prioritized by “voting method using rating” for HFMEA. The HFMEA team identified; 22 processes, 48 sub-processes and 218 possible failures within these process. 8 (3.6%) failure modes (hazard score>=8) were identified and entitled as “failures with non-acceptable risk” and were moved into decision tree. The main root cause for (hazard score>=4) were: (14.34%) technical- related factors; (31.9%) organizational- related factors; (45.3%) human- related factors and (7.6%) other factors. The cause of failures allowed intervention to be recommended.Conclusion: Creation and review policy and Clear and transparent procedure”; “ Patient participation in treatment process”; “Reengineering work and monitoring processes”; “Training of guidelines and recommendations” and “improving communication between hospital departments” were used as actions for optimization and quality improvement.