Winter Olympic games is a portion of Olympic and it is an infant comparing to summer Olympic. these games have less importance in point of view social and economical aspects. Few of scholars account less values significance to winter Olympic & believe it to be not adaptable to the Olympic Ideals. Amaturism and universalism also are considered with very much doubt. Professionalism has developed and there isn't the possibility of presence of all or many countries in these games. Winter Olympic needs especial environmental conditions. Countries which do not acquire long winter, extreme snow falls, slops and mountains do not have chance of attending in or progressing in these type of sports. There fore most European and north - American countries because of special conditions have brought these games under their dominance. It seems that changing of strategy IOC, Refine and Revision of Olympic games can play a great roke in achieving olympism.    

The Olympic Games have a variety of historical and social aspects that one of the most appealing and important areas are gastronomy of Games. This study aims were an analysis on gastronomy issues of the modern Olympic Games from the beginning to the end of the twentieth century. Methodology is Documentary and library. The required information is obtained by collecting, categorizing and analyzing books, articles, reports, sources of Persian and Latin published on the Olympic Games. The research findings showed that the gastronomy issue of the Games from the beginning has undergone many changes in various aspects, including planning, organizing, co-ordination, leading and control and in terms of management, each Olympics has made many progress, and overall research findings are somehow a reflection of the evolution of gastronomy issue in the era of the Olympic Games. The findings also represent innovations in the gastronomy issue of each round of the Olympic Games that hosts in each era make their best efforts to give their culture their culinary dimension to the whole world. According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the discussion of gastronomy major sporting events, including the Olympic Games, has a lot of managerial dimensions and by knowing these aspects, we can manage these events in a desirable manner.

Background and Aim: Little study about psychological health has been done in the sports setting. The present study was designed to assess depression, anxiety, stress, in a sample of athletes at the elite level.Material & Methods: In this descriptive comparative study, sample contains 63 highly successful athletes who won medals in competitions such as Olympics. Sixty three elite athletes- (35 male -28 female) with mean age 23.95 (SD=7.32) were evaluated by DASS 21 test. We assigned them in two groups- (active and inactive athletes). There was a third control group including 70 subjects with same age and sex and education without history of sport activity. We used ANOVA test to determine differences in outcomes between groups. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software.Results: In the present study, mean age of 63 participant was 23.95 (SD=7.32). In Athletes group and control group included 35 (56%) male and 28 (44%) female, and 27 (41%) male and 39 (59%) female respectively. The results of ANOVA test for comparison among three groups (active and inactive athletes and normal) did not show significant difference on depression, anxiety and stress variables.Conclusion: Our results indicated that there is not any significant difference on depression, anxiety and stress between the elite athlete and general population.

The main goal of this research was to study the role of Olympic concepts on trends of university students. 2000 male and female students were selected randomly from public and governmental universities of five zones of country; North (Guilan and Mazandaran), South (Ahvaz and Shiraz universities), West (Tabriz and Sanandaj) East (Mashad), and Center of Iran (Tehran and Arak).A questionnaire, based on the goals of study, distributed among subjects. According to results, 60.1 percent of subjects believed that Olympic Education is effective on feelings of humanistic; solidarity and peacefulness. They have also accepted the moral and educational effects of Olympism. More than half of subjects (52.8 percent) mentioned a positive effect of Olympic Education on life. In addition, 50.3 percent of subjects believed that Olympic Education is effective in lifestyle and activities of academics. 63.9 percent of students participated at the study emphasized on a relationship between Olympic concepts and promoting good morals.

The main objective of this research was making a comprehensive model of Olympic education for Iran. This study used qualitative method and was performed by grounded theory. Purpose population of this study includes all elites who are elite in education and research about Olympic movement. These elites included executives and executives, champions and coaches participating in the Olympics, and scholars and faculty members. In this research, both theoretical and snowball sampling was used. Data were collected by 19 Semi-structured interviews. The findings of study included five categories of causal conditions, intervening conditions, contextual conditions, strategies and consequences were presented in the form of Strauss and Corbin’ s coded pattern. Overall, this research by hhighlighting the status of the Olympic education in Iran and the development of the Olympic education model in Iran, show that Olympic education in Iran can be performed by some strategy include educational, cultural, championship and advertising.

The aim of this research is to study the relationship of Human development and Olympic medal gaining during 2004 and 2008 Olympic Games through historical method. The statistical society includes all countries that have gained medal during two above periods. The data gathering instrument is the statistical information presented by international Olympic committee for medal gaining and united nation organization for scaling Human development and its components that are education level, hope of life and per capita in come of countries. The spearman correlation coefficient was used for statistical analysis. Results showed that there is a significant relationship between Human development and its components with medal gaining in those Olympic Games. It seems that the developed countries have progressed their sport level by investment at different fields and progress the hope of life so they could gain more medals of Olympic Games.