To investigate the effect of weed interference and weed-free periods on Balangu (Lallemantia royleana Benth. in Wall) and to evaluate the critical period of weed control (CPWC) in this Oilseed crop, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications in Naghadeh region in 2018. Experimental consisted of two groups of treatments; weed infestation treatments (infestation for 144.2, 345.9, 574, 848.2, 1147.6 and 1451.3 growing degree day (GDD) after transplanting and then plots were remained weed-free the rest of the growing season) and weed-free treatments (weeding for 144.2, 345.9, 574, 848.2, 1147.6 and 1451.3 GDD after transplanting and then plots were remained infested until harvesting time). In each block, one weed free and weed infested control was for all the growing season. Results indicated that the density and dry biomass of weeds were increased as weed removal was delayed. In contrast, density and dry biomass of weeds were decreased as weeds establishment was delayed. Height, tetrachenes fruits, ripened achenes, 1000-seed weight and biological, seed and relative yields of Balangu were decreased and increased as the duration of weed-infested and weed-free period increased, respectively. Also, logistic and Gompertz curves fitted to data showed that the beginning and end of the CPWC based on a 10% yield loss of relative yield, was estimated to be from 11 to 108 days after transplanting (97 days weed-free period) in order to prevent a noticeable yield loss.

To evaluate the effects of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) strip intercropping on yield components, seed and biological yields of Oilseed rape, field experiments were carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Farm of Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran during 2010-2012 cropping seasons. The first factor consisted of four types of wheat and Oilseed rape cropping system, sole crop of Oilseed rape (A1),: strip intercropping with 8:3 (A2), 12:4 (A3) and 16:5 (A4) of wheat and Oilseed rape rows, respectively and the other factor consisted of two fertilizer levels, B1: 100% chemical fertilizers (urea and triple superphosphate) and B2: 50% chemical fertilizers + biofertilizers (Nitrazhin and Barvar2). The results showed that strip intercropping of wheat- Oilseed rape resulted in significant increase in yield components, seed yield per occupied unit area and biological yield per occupied unit area of Oilseed rape as compared with mono-cropping. The number of silique per plant in intercropping systems was significantly higher than that of mono-cropping. The highest seed yield was obtained in the 16:5 rows of wheat-Oilseed rape with 343.76 g.m-2 and the lowest mean was observed in mono-cropping of Oilseed rape with 260.21 g.m-2. Biological yield per occupied unit area and seed yield per intercropped unit area in B1 were significantly greater than that of B2, but this treatment had no significant effect on the other traits. Because, B1 and B2 had no significant difference in seed yield per occupied unit area and due to the importance of reduction in chemical fertilizers consumption and food and environmental health care, strip intercropping of wheat-Oilseed rape under 50% chemical fertilizers + biofertilizers can be recommended as a suitable cultural method.

Objective: The Oilseed Extraction Industry is one of the industries that is in a turbulent, diverse and complex environment and is facing many changes and developments. The purpose of this study is to present a strategic control model in the Iranian Oilseed Extraction Industry. Methods: This research was done based on qualitative and quantitative methods in two stages. In the qualitative section, with the basis of Grounded Theory approach and using semi-structured and in-depth qualitative interviews with 14 experts from Oilseed Extraction Industry and its analysis in MAXQDA software, the indicators and dimensions of the industry strategic control model were identified. Then, in the quantitative section, the relevant model was tested using the Interpretive Structural Modelling approach (ISM) and the relationships between the themes were analyzed using MICMAC analysis. Results: The findings showed that Oilseed Extraction Industry has sixteen levers related to strategic control indicators and ten control levers related to strategic control dimensions. Conclusion: At the level of "non-strategic control", the dimensions of individual, structural and process control; at the level of "strategic control", the dimensions of the strategy implementation and strategy content control; at the level of "meta-strategic control", the dimensions of interactive, political, adaptive, insight-value and special alert control were identified.

In order to determine tolerant Oilseed rape genotypes to terminal drought stress, 13 Oilseed rape genotypes including Karaj1, Karaj2, Karaj3, Talaye, Zarfam, Okapi, Licord, SLM046, Modena, WPN5, Opera, WPN2 and GKH305 were evaluated in agricultural research station of Islamabade Gharb since 2010 for two growing season. Oilseed genotypes were planted using randomized complete block design with three replications under normal and drought stress conditions so that irrigation was cut from flowering stage. Combined variance analysis showed that the effect of terminal drought stress was significant for recorded characters except oil content, the number of branches and 1000 seed weight. Results showed that mean of seed yield decreased by 20% due to drought stress so that seed yield in normal and terminal drought stress conditions was 4586 kg/ha and 3736 kg/ha, respectively. This reduction was because of drought stress effect on yield components i. e. pods per plant and seed per pods. Genotype GKH305 had the highest seed yield with 5230 and 3941 kg/ha in normal and drought stress conditions, respectively. Bi plot derived from principal components showed that GKH305, WPN5 Zarfam and had high seed potential meanwhile were tolerant to drought stress. In current study, well known genotypes namely Licord, Talaye and SLM046 had low seed yield under both conditions. Introduction Environmental stresses are the most important factors reducing the yield of agricultural products worldwide. Drought is one of the most common environmental stresses that have limited agricultural production and decrease the efficiency of using dry and dry areas. In the field of drought stress, many experiments have been carried out in the world, but in most cases, the severe interaction between the environment and the genotype, selection of drought tolerant varieties is difficult. Improvement of drought tolerant cultivars is also one of the research priorities of the country. The effect of drought stress on plant depents on genotype, length of drought period, climatic conditions and plant growth stage (Roa & Mandham, 1991). The occurrence time of drought stress is more important than severity of drought stress (Kazi et al., 2002). Rapeseed plants, which are cultivated like wheat in both dry and wet conditions, generally experience drought stress during their life cycle. In irrigated areas and areas where surface water is used for irrigation, due to the reduction of rainfall and the use of water resources for the lucrative spring crops, the amount of water is severely depleted. As a result, the intervals between irrigation periods will be long and and plants encounter with water stress during filling seeds. According to some studies, the most sensitive time for irrigation is the flowering and early flowering stage (Richard, 1978; Richard & Thrling, 1978; Richard & Thrling, 1979; Richard & Thrling, 1979b; Pouzet, 1995). the country's largest cultivation of rapeseed belongs to the northern provinces of the country due to the presence of humidity and rainfall in these areas. However, cold and temperate cold regions like Kermanshah have a good potential for growing canola. In these areas, one of the main problems of canola cultivation is the lack of proper rainfall during the flowering stage of rapeseed and later. In these areas, rapeseed farmers who, in addition to canola, cultivate corn or wheat, canceled the canola irrigation in April, and irrigate wheat and corn, and the cut off of irrigation of canola at flowering and seeding time caused Stress and reduction of canola production. Therefore, identifying genotypes tolerant to late season drought stress in rapeseed is of great importance. In this study, in addition to investigating the effects of drought stress on yield and yield components of rapeseed, the most resistant genotypes to late drought stress were identified.

It is necessary to understand the performance potential and the gap between the actual yields of crops with the achievable function so as to diagnose the limiting factors of performance. The present study has been conducted based on CPA Method in 50 fields of Zavkooh villi (Kalaleh, Golestan, Iran) in 2016 and 2017. The study has measured and recorded all information related to management practices, soil characteristics, and farmer socio-economic status. Furthermore, using stepwise regression, the Comparative Performance Analysis (CPA) Method considers the relation between the variables and yield, with the yield gap rate as well as its causes being estimated to reveal each factor’ s contribution to the creation of the yield gap. Results show that there is a 1818 kg per hectare vacuum between the average real yield (2308 kg ha-1) and the yieldable one (4123 kg ha-1), . Accordingly, the most important factors of yield gap in the region include field size (21. 4%), summer plowing (15%), the time of land preparation and plowing (14. 7%), nitrogen fertilizer (14. 6%), potassium fertilizer (14%), weed density per unit area (10. 8%), seed treatment (8. 1%), and Sub-soiler (1. 4%).

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is one of oil crops being cultivated in many areas of Iran. Its molecular breeding and production of varieties with new characteristics using genetic engineering needs the establishment of efficient transformation methods in commercial varieties. In this research transformation potential of 8 commercial cultivars; Licord, SLM046, RGS003, Zarfam, Okapi, Sarigol, Modena and Opera adapted to different regions of Iran was studied using cotyledon and hypocotyl explants. Agrobacterium tumifaciens, strain AGL0 containing the plasmid pCAMBIA3301 was used for transformation. Cotyledon and hypocotyl explants after inoculation with Agrobacterium were co-cultivated on MS medium containing 1 mg/l 2, 4-D and 4.5 mg/l BAP, respectively. Cotyledonary explants after co-cultivation were transferred on selection MS medium, containing 4.5 mg/l BAP and 3 mg/l phosphinothricin. Hypocotyl explants were transferred on selection MS medium containing 4 mg/l BAP, 2 mg/l Zeatin and 5 mg/l phosphinotricin. The regenerated plants were analyzed by PCR and histochemical GUS assay for gene transformation. The results showed that most of genotyes had gene transformation potential regenerated from hypocotyl segments, while this potential was limited to some cultivars using cotyledon explants. Among transgenic plants, using hypocotyls, Licord cultivar had the most transformation rate (15.26%) and Sarigol the least (0.2%). Also among regenerated plan's from cotyledon, SLM046 cultivar had the most transformation frequency (4.7%) and Modena, Opera and Zarfam cultivars did not respond to transformation.