Aim: To enhance the aqueous solubility of olanzapine by using the Solid dispersion technique. Solid dispersions of olanzapine were prepared by the dispersion method using using PGS and SSG as carriers. Drug-carrier ratios such as 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 4, 1 : 6, 1: 8 and 1 : 10 were tried for optimization. Characterization was done by phase solubility, in-vitro release, saturation solubility, permeation, wettability, XRD and FTIR analysis. Solid dispersions showed higher solubility and an improved drug release profile than the pure drug. Solid dispersion and physical mixture with a drug-polymer ratio of 1 : 10 showed the best release profile in comparison with the other samples. Phase solubility results verified the solubilization effect of the carrier. XRD and NIR analysis confirmed the reduction of crystallinity in the samples. The release study findings were well supported by the results of wettability, saturation solubility and permeability studies. IR analysis substantiated the inertness of the carrier. It was concluded that pregelatinised starch (PGS) and sodium starch glycollate (SSG) could be utilized as effective carriers to improve the aqueous solubility of poorly soluble drugs.

Introduction: The objective of this case report was to highlight one of theuncommonsubtypes of tardive dyskinesia (TD) as tardive blepharospasm secondary to olanzapine. Case Presentation: We reported a rare case of young-onset schizophrenia in an adolescent patient, who was treated with olanzapine, but subsequently developed tardive blepharospasm. Clinical resolution of the blepharospasm after olanzapine was stopped and switched to quetiapine. Conclusions: Tardive blepharospasm can be a regarded as a presentation of tardive dyskinesia. Complete recovery of the symptoms can be achieved by stopping the offending drug early and switching to a serotonin-dopamine receptor antagonist.

Borderline personality disorder is one of the most problematic psychiatric disorders with aggressiveness and impulsivity as its two main characteristics. Our objective was to determine the efficacy of olanzapine on 20 patients with borderline personality disorder. Results were found to be affirmative in this respect.      

Somnambulism consists of a group of behaviors leading to unwanted movements during sleep or even sleepwalking. Medications applied for psychiatric disorders could increase the likelihood of somnambulism in adults. The following article is a case report of somnambulism seen in a patient with schizophrenia, which occurred after remission of an acute episode following treatment with olanzapine. When olanzapine dosage was decreased, no previous and similar symptoms were reported after 6 months of follow up.

Objective: To report the case of a 46-year old male with major depressive disorder, who represented manic symptoms, when olanzapine was added to his treatment.Method: A 46-year old female, with a diagnosis of treatment resistant depression was referred to the authors. He had past history of depression for more than 20 years. The symptoms were present nearly every day since 1981, without any distinct period of remission, nor any noticeable fluctuation. His irritability had been disruptive to his family all these years. His doctor had prescribed maprotiline 25 mg/day, and lorazepam, 2mg/day, in addition to fluoxetine for the last 5 months. He is also a father of two children with methylphenidate resistant and sodium valproate-responsive attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Considering the antidepressant effects of olanzapine and its positive effects on irritability, the authors added olanzapine, to the patient’s previous medications.Results: After one week, he showed new problems such as talkativeness and beginning to smoke for the first time in his life, elevated mood, grandiosity about his intelligence and abilities, talkativeness, and shopping sprees. The score on the mania rating scale was 14. Fluoxetine was discontinued and sodium valproate, were prescribed. It took around 2 months to completely control the manic symptoms.Conclusions: In the patients with depression who show bipolar spectrum disorder features, adding mood stabilizers may be preferred to the drugs as olanzapine which could induce mania.

Background and the purpose of the study: Olanzapine is an antipsychotic used in treatment of schizophrenia. This research was carried out to design oral controlled release matrix pellets of water insoluble drug Olanzapine (OZ), using blend of Sodium Alginate (SA) and Glyceryl Palmito-Stearate (GPS) as matrix polymers, micro crystalline cellulose (MCC) as spheronizer enhancer and Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS) as pore forming agent.Methods: OZ formulations were developed by the pelletization technique by drug loaded pellets and characterized with regard to the drug content, size distribution, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction study (XRD). Stability studies were carried out on the optimized formulation for a period of 90 days at 40 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5% relative humidity.Results and major conclusion: The drug content was in the range of 93.34-98.12 %. The mean particle size of the drug loaded pellets was in the range 1024 to 1087mm. SEM photographs and calculated sphericity factor confirmed that the prepared formulations were spherical in nature. The compatibility between drug and polymers in the drug loaded pellets was confirmed by DSC and FTIR studies. Stability studies indicated that pellets are stable. XRD patterns revealed the crystalline nature of the pure OZ. Loose surface crystal study indicated that crystalline OZ is present in all formulations and more clear in formulation F5. Drug release was controlled for more than 24 hrs and mechanism of the drug release followed by Fickian diffusion. It may be concluded that F5 is an ideal formulation for once a day administration.

Objective(s): As olanzapine has side effects such as weight gain and metabolic disorders, and alpha-mangostin has been shown to control metabolic disorders, the effects of alpha-mangostin on metabolic disorders induced by olanzapine were investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: Obesity was induced in female Wistar rats by daily administration of olanzapine (5 mg/kg/day, IP, 14 days). Rats were divided into 6 groups: 1) vehicle (control); 2) olanzapine (5 mg/kg/day); 3, 4, 5) olanzapine+ alpha-mangostin (10, 20, 40 mg/kg/day, IP); 6) alpha-mangostin (40 mg/kg/day). Weight changes were measured every 3 days and food intake was assessed every day. Systolic blood pressure, plasma levels of blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, leptin, oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH), AMPK, and P-AMPK protein levels in liver tissue were assessed on the last day of the study. Results: Administration of olanzapine significantly increased weight gain, food intake, blood pressure, triglycerides, LDL, blood sugar, leptin, and MDA in rat liver tissue and also decreased GSH, AMPK, and P-AMPK in liver tissue compared with the control group. Different doses of alpha-mangostin significantly reduced weight gain, food intake, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, LDL, blood sugar, leptin, and MDA. Also, they significantly increased GSH, AMPK, and P-AMPK in liver tissue compared with the olanzapine group. Conclusion: Olanzapine increases leptin levels, food intake, and weight, induces oxidative stress, decreases the levels of AMPK and P-AMPK proteins in liver tissue, and causes metabolic disorders. But, alpha-mangostin reduces the negative effects of olanzapine by activation of AMPK.