To date one of the developing concepts is structural and mechanical devices at the nanometer scale by using molecular recognition properties of biological macromolecules. The formation and assembly of molecular-scale building blocks into well-defined structures is the essence of nanotechnology. Structural and chemical properties of the DNA molecules make it well-suited for making nanostructures. At present, several developments in some of the categories of DNA nanotechnology have been achieved, such as, the use of single-strand DNA to prepare periodic arrays, the design of DNA motor and DNA-based nanofabrication. The first step to prepare periodic arrays is to produce triangle produce from DNA molecules and to join together to creation of two dimensional structures. Other branches of DNA nanotechnology include the DNA nanomotors that could be continuously activated by chemical alterations, well-defined nanopattems with designed DNA structures serving as effective masks to produce metallic nanostructures, which describe well the future of this technology.

Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale which may exert a revolutionary impact on cancer diagnosis and therapy. Nanotechnology is being applied to cancer in two broad areas: i) the development of nanovectors such as nanoparticles which can be loaded with drugs or imaging agents and then targeted to tumours, and ii) high-throughput nanosensor devices for detecting the biological signatures of cancer. Combined, such technologies could lead to earlier diagnosis and better treatment for cancer patients.

Background Nanomaterial has special physical and chemical properties and acts differently from other materials due to surface effects and quantum mechanical effects. There is a risk of toxicity of nanomaterial after the reaction with the body's organs and the toxicity of these substances is not predictable. This very innovative technology may be associated with hazards to human، animals or the environment. This paper addresses the ethical aspects of the application of nanotechnology. Conclusion The increasing use of nanomaterial around the world and the rapid expansion of its application in medicine and the lack of full recognition of their performance in the human body and the environment require to regulate ethical guidelines and rules on how to make، produce and expand these materials and their clinical application to prevent the occurrence of hazards to human and environment. Obtaining the legal permits for the clinical application of nanomedicine should be considered even if major complications are not reported in the short term their application. However، it is necessary to observe the principles of risk-benefit to humans and to consider equal access to licensed nano-pharmaceuticals for all humans.

Keeping in mind the importance of evaluating technological change, the present study tries to introduce a structure to survey nanotechnology innovation in Iran. for each of the five domains of “future strategy document of Iran’s Nanotechnology”, including promotion, infrastructure, the progressive of science and technology, technology transfer and distribution and the production and market, indicator was defined. Afterward, Indicators of each field using a matrix of attractiveness-feasibility with respect to the importance and feasibility ratings and and the four classes were introduced. In conclusion, with respect to the development of nanotechnology in Iran, appropriate strategies for using the indicators (such as considering class an indicators as main indicators and preferable and use from class C indicators a complementary) are introduced.

In this paper, nanotechnology related patents published during the period 2001 – 2007 were investigated using website of QPAT in order to evaluation the innovation strength and nanotechnology market attractiveness of different countries. At first step, the share of nanotechnology related patents of each country in different patent offices (USPTO, EPO) and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) was statistically searched and analyzed. Then, the countries were ranked according to the number of published patents. The relation between nano-science generation and nano-innovation strength was also investigated and situation of the countries in both of indicators was studied. According to the results, high scientific potential is not lonely sufficient for promotion of nanotechnology creation but it is imperative to develop the infrastructures of intellectual properties in this field. At second step, number of registered patents in each patent office available by QPAT website was analyzed as an indicator of technology strength and interior market attractiveness and finally relation between innovation strength and market attractiveness was studied.