Tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic infectious disease common to humans and animals which has been caused by a rod shaped, acid fast bacterium, called Mycobacterium bovis. The rapid and sensitive detection is a great challenge for TB diagnosis. The virulent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) have 16 different regions of difference (RD) in their genome which encode some important antigens. The major protein of M. bovis 64 (MPT-64) is one of the main immune-stimulating antigens which are encode by RD-2 region. The aim of the present study was cloning, expression and purification of MPT-64 as a protein antigen of M. bovis in a prokaryotic system for the usage in the future diagnostic studies. In this experimental study, the mpt-64 gene with 687 bp has been proliferated from M. bovis whole genome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The PCR product has been digested by BamHI and HindIII restriction enzymes and cloned into pQE-30 plasmid. The recombinant protein has been expressed in the Escherichia coli M15 with induction by isopropyl-􀈕-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The expressed protein was analyzed on SDSPAGE, and purified with Nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) column. Finally, its biological properties were confirmed in Western blotting method using specific antibodies. Data showed the successful cloning of mpt-64 gene (as a 687 bp segment) in expression vector. The MPT-64 recombinant protein was ideally expressed and purified as a 24 kDa protein. The result of this study indicated that MPT-64 recombinant protein (24 kDa) has been successfully expressed and purified in a prokaryotic system, so this protein could be used for differential diagnosis of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Mycobacterium, in suspected BTB cases.

The bovine tuberculosis is one of the most zoonotic diseases which could be infected domestic and wild animals. The causative agent of this infection is Mycobacterium bovis. The correct diagnosis is very critical for effective control of this infection. The usual diagnosis is made by skin test and gamma interferon assay. But other serological techniques based on ELISA could be noted for development of a rapid and correct method. Here, we use MPT-64 recombinant protein as capture antigens for development of an indirect ELISA. The study population consists of thirty two infected and healthy (control) cattle. The infected animals were confirmed by resident veterinary surgeon according to skin test and clinical examination. The levels of specific antibody against MPT-64 were evaluated by indirect ELISA method. According to our results, the levels of specific antibodies against MPT-64 have great consistency with skin test. So that, all of 9 positive samples have high titer for MPT-64 specific antibody and no false negative results have been reported. This study could proposed that development of ELISA method with recombinant MPT-64 antigen could be considered as a rapid, simple and exact method for detection of BTB infected cattle.

In the reality word, shareholders decide about financial assets based of post modern portfolio theory (PMPT), so comparing of different risks through undesirable risk creates realler results. So, in this research, In the first process, is done the quantitative evaluation of cement risks with the financial approach and in the result of it cleared that in the research time territory, the undesirable risk of the cement co. portfolio, in every years, was more than the risk of the market co. portfolio and also recognized that unsystematic risk of the cement companies is more than their systematic risk.So, the most of the risk that affecting the cement co. returns is rise of the internal factors, such as: the company management or cement industry and the external factors, such as: market factor has had the low affect on the risk of the cement co. portfolio returns and the reason of it is that the all governments is accepted the cement supply in every conditions and so, the cement industrial is not effected of environmental changes.In the second process, is done the qualitative evaluation (identifying & rating) of Cement risks with the marketing approach.For identifying and rating the existing risks in the cement industrial through the questionary and opinion assessment, is analyzed replies and the below results is obtained:The change in foreign exchange, inflation, governmental annoyer regulations, no foreign investment , natural unexpected events, political occurrences are effective in systematic risk in cement companies and determined that The cheapness of the cement sale price & the governmental control on prices, the lack of the skill workers, the lack of sufficient liquidity, the lack of innovation and competition, the hard to return of projects and the same pricing for the same cement formula with different qualities , unstability in issuance of cement exporting licences, unsafe activity of broker network in cement distributions, weariness of equipments & installations, using of present valence in minimum of scale, the cement smuggle and the cement import are effective in unsystematic risk of cement companies. also, The cheapness of the cement sale price & the governmental control on prices, the lack of the skill workers, the lack of sufficient liquidity, the lack of innovation and competition, the hard to return of projects and so on, are the most serious factors in increasing risk in cement corporations. Also, privatising and private management, foreign investment, private management with government supervision and export, are the most serious factors in decreasing risk in cement corporations.

Background and aim: The respiratory system is considered as a source of energy for normal vibration of vocal folds with no extra forces on external and internal laryngeal muscles. This system is specifically important in professional voice users. With regard to the high incidence of voice problems among teachers, as a significant group of professional voice users, the present study was conducted to investigate the respiratory competency using MPT and s/z Ratio criterion in teachers with and without voice problems risks classified based on their scores on Screening Index for Voice Sisorder (SIVD).Materials and Methods: The current cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 elementary school teachers. The participants first completed the SIVD questionnaire, and then the MPT and the s/z Ratio were calculated for each teacher. Data analysis was run using SPSS (v.18).Results: No significant difference was observed between means of MPT and s/z Ratio in male participants in the two groups. However, the difference between means of MPT in female participants was found to be significant (p=0.01).Conclusion: The results suggest that although respiratory competency was lower than normal in all the teachers, it cannot solely be the cause of developing the risk of voice problems.

One of the most important QC tests of whole-cell pertussis vaccine (WCPV) is potency test. In this regard, mouse protection test (MPT) is the current potency method, which is associated with severe animal distress and large variability in results. The purpose of this study was to assess Pertussis Serological Potency Test (PSPT) as a serological alternative method to intracerebral challenge in MPT assay. In the current study, the potency of three experimental batches of WCPV (1, 2, and 3) and standard vaccine were compared using MPT and PSPT methods. In the MPT method, mice were immunized with tests and standard vaccines. After 2 weeks, they were intracerebrally challenged with Bordetella pertussis strain (18323). The potency was calculated via parallel line analysis based on the numbers of survivors 2 weeks after the challenge. Similar to MPT method, mice were immunized in the PSPT method and bled after 4 weeks. In the next step, sera were titrated by 18323-WCPELISA assay and potency values were estimated via parallel line analysis. Pearson correlation test was used to measure the strength of association between MPT and PSPT assay results. The potency values of the experimental laboratory batches 1, 2, and 3 in MPT assays were 11. 14, 5. 02, and 4. 24 Iu/ml, whereas the obtained results of PSPT assays were 10. 32, 4. 11, and 3. 06 Iu/ml, respectively. The correlation of MPT and PSPT results was 0. 807. The findings of the present study demonstrated a significant correlation between MPT and PSPT results. The implementation of PSPT was more advantageous, compared to MPT due to its ethical approaches and less variability in results. The PSPT is a promising alternative method for intracerebral challenge. However, additional validation is needed to support the establishment of this method.

Intralesional bleomycine therapy is an effective method for the treatment of intractable warts. Diverse concentrations of the drug through different methods and protoco1s were used and different success rates were achieved. In this study, we have used a new technique of bleomycine injection to treat intractable warts by multiple puncture technique (MPT). Following the local anaesthesia of 158 warts in 55 patients with recalcitrant common, palmer, periungual, subungual, plantar and mosaic warts, 1 mg/cc bleomycine solution was dropped on the surface of the wart and pricked into the wart by insulin syringe (40 punctures per 5 mm of the wart surface). The treatment, at most four sessions, was carried out once a month. The volume of bleomycine did not exceed 1 ml in each session and 4 mg in four treatments. We found a 83.5% success rate, ranging from 50% in mosaic warts to 91.8% in common warts, which can be compared with the results of previous studies. The technique is easily available and well tolerated with minimal or no complications. As for the success rate, availability, minimal complication and relapse, this technique seems to be an effective, useful, safe and generally well tolerated treatment for recalcitrant warts especially those aforementioned.

Introduction: Teachers comprise the largest group of professional voice users. It seems that they are more susceptibleto voice disorders than other groups of users. The purpose of this study was to determine and comparethe maximum phonation times (MPTs) offemale elementary-school teachers with and without voice complaint. It was also aimed at determining the effect of age and teaching experience on the MPT In this population.Materials and Methods: Eighty female teachers, who participated in this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, were divided into two group’s ofsubjects with and without voice complaints. After takingeach subject’s historythrough interviewing, allparticipants were asked to take a deep breath and sustainthe vowel /a/ for as long aspossible. Theywere requested to repeatthis task three times with 1-minute restintervals between the trials. Thelongest durationwas considered as the maximum phonation time.Results: Themean of MPT in group with voice complaints (88.2±88.12) was significantly differentfrom that of subjects without any voice complaints (17.3±97.15) (P<0.05). Moreover, age and teaching experience hada significant negative correlation with MPT in both groups.Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that as the age and teaching experience increased, the mean of MPT reduced in all subjects regardless of having any voice complaint or not. Also, the mean of MPT was significantly lower in the group with a voice complaint than in the group without it.

Background and Aim: The primary energy for speech production is prepared by breathing flow. As there was no index for the maximum phonation time (MPT) to compare normal and speech disordered speakers in Iran, the purpose of this study was to establish this standard for guidance school students in Tehran.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 576 guidance students from 1st, 5th, 8th, 10th, 15th and 19th educational regions. Each student made an usual inhalation and produced the /a/ for three times with the maximum strength but in a way that he/she didn't feel tension on his/her neck or larynx. The maximum time was recorded as the maximum phonation time.Results: The results of this research revealed that girls’ MPT in all regions was 15.3, 16.7, and 17.16 seconds and the boys was 15.41, 16.7 and 17.01 seconds and all students 15.36, 16.17 and 17.08 seconds in order of their grades. There was significant difference between first and third grade mean MPT (p=0.003).Conclusion: The result of this study indicates that, as the students age increases their MPT increase, too. Also, boys` MPT was more than girls` in first and second grades; however, in third grade the girls` MPT was more.

The risk of investing in financial market is one of the investors' major concerns, as market participants, confronting any kind of bonds will ask about the risk level. on the other hand, liquidity as an effective element in risking rate and return is considerably important on the stock exchange. Avoiding risk gets investors look for lower risk stocks with high liquidity to provide more financial security. According to studies and researches, it sees that free float stocks rate can effect on liquidity and stocks risk. Therefore, regarding free float and their changes can be efficient in analyzing market conditions and help investors make better decisions.The research is tried to study the relationship between Free Float with Downside Risk and Liquidity on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE).Considering the years 2004 to 2008, we had 233 companies to test theories. We used Eviews and SPSS softwares to deal with the relationship between variables during 16 quarterly terms.The results confirm the significant relationship between Downside Risk and Liquidity with Free Float.

Synthesis of a natural proline-rich cyclopolypeptide-rolloamide A was carried out by coupling of tri-and tetrapeptide units Boc-Phe-Pro-Val-OMe and Boc-Pro-Leu-Pro-Ile-OMe after proper deprotection at carboxyl and amino terminals using carbodiimide chemistry in alkaline environment followed by cyclization of linear heptapeptide segment in the presence of base. The structure of synthesized peptide was confirmed by spectral techniques including FTIR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, MS analyses. Newly synthesized peptide was subjected to biological screening against pathogenic microbes and earthworms. Cyclopeptide 8 possessed promising activity against pathogenic fungi Candida albicans (ZOI: 24 mm, MIC: 6 μ g/mL) and Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ZOI: 27 mm, MIC: 6 μ g/mL) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ZOI: 23 mm, MIC: 12. 5 μ g/mL), in comparison to reference drugs – griseofulvin (ZOI: 20 mm, MIC: 6 μ g/mL) and ciprofloxacin (ZOI: 25 mm, MIC: 6 μ g/mL/ZOI: 20 mm, MIC: 12. 5 μ g/mL). Also, newly synthesized heptacyclopeptide exhibited potent anthelmintic activity against earthworms Megascoplex konkanensis, Pontoscotex corethruses, and Eudrilus species (MPT/MDT ratio – 8. 22-16. 02/10. 06-17. 59 min), in comparison to standard drugs-mebendazole (MPT/MDT ratio – 10. 52-18. 02/12. 57-19. 49 min) and piperazine citrate (MPT/MDT ratio – 12. 38-19. 17/13. 4422. 17 min).