Gnosticism is one of the important religious - Gnostic schools at the beginning centuries of Christian era. In this paper, the important Gnostic schools of the second and the third century A.D. are analyzed. These Gnostic schools are mainly based on the ideas of Gnostics of the early Christianity, such as Simon the Magus. Valentine, Marcion, and Basilides. Gnostic attitude in Hermetic literature and in Mandaism, Sabaeans (Sābiūn) or Mughtasilah (Babtizers), is a complementary analysis of Gnosticism.The new theme that is presented through this paper is Manichaean gnosis which originated from Gnosticism of the early Christianity. In the 3rd century A.D., the eastern religious intellectuals (as the followers of Denavariyye in khorasan (and the western religious - Gnostic schools (in Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt) were grossly influenced by it. Manichaean Gnostic motif is the descend of spirit from the light paradise to this material world. So, human function, according to this school, is to release the celestial spirit particles imprisoned in the material bodies, salvation of the souls, and finally to the Realm of Light.

Sogdian was the Language of the people of the Land of Sogd. The center of Sogd was Samarkand and their most important city was Bukhara in the present-day Republic of Uzbekistan. Sogdian was the administrative, commercial and cultural Language in other areas, such as the Turfan oasis in East Turkestan. Sogdian, as one of the Iranian Languages in Central Asia, has been widely used to express and reflect the religious precepts and traditions of some pre-Islamic religions. Sogdian is the most important Language of Middle Eastern Iran in terms of diversity and volume of literature, and from a geographical and linguistic point of view, the written works of this Language, from near Samarkand to one of the inner towers of the Great Wall of China, and from northern Mongolia to the upper valley of the Sand River in north of the Pakistan is discovered and shows its geographical extent in central Asia and the cultural in influence of this Language from the second to the thirteenth century AD. Sogdian art loving merchants, of whom were Manichaean, Christian and Buddhists, in addition to the transfer of goods, culture and art between the East and West World, (China, Iran, India and Rom) also promoted Manichaean and Christian, Buddhism among the people of Central Asia and China. The main question in this research is how the Manichaean and Buddhist, Christian religious precepts are reflected in the Sogdian texts, and was Sogdian a suitable language for the preservation and dissemination of Manichaean and Buddhist, Christian teachings? The hypothesis of the present article is that the Christian, Buddhist and Manichaean religious teachings are well reflected in the Sogdian language in terms of the linguistic commonality of their followers. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method based on the sources of library texts and documents, and the results of the research show that the symbol of confession of sins and seeking forgiveness in the religious tradition of the Buddhists in the Sogdian language is presented to the religious people in almost the same original form but with a new literature. Manicheans texts indicate that the teachings of the two Manichaean have well preserved their original structure in Soghdian culture and language and Sogdian Christian texts indicate that the religion of confession at the beginning of the emergence of Christianity was a group, but in later periods it was performed in person and in secret, and the symbol of the Lord’ s Supper or the rite of thanksgiving in all Christian denominations is celebrated in the biblical tradition, the Last Supper.

GERMAN: Die gnostischen Religionen waren in einer großen Region im Mesopotamienund darunter auch im Norden von Syrien jahrhundertelang in Formverschiedener Konfessionen und Glauben verbreitet. Die gedanklicheAusbreitung war so weit, dass die großen Religionen wie Judentum undChristentum nach den Auffassungen vieler Forscher unter dem Einflussdieser Konfessionen waren. Der Manichäismus ist eine der wichtigstenReligionen im Altertum, die sich im Mesopotamien auf der Grundlage dergnostischen Gedanken entwickelt hat. Daher sind viele manichäistischeLehren in gnostischen Glauben zu beobachten. Unter den kompliziertenund geheimnisvollen manichäistischen Glauben ist der Glaube an Schicksaldes Menschen und dessen Leben nach dem Tode sehr interessant. DurchUntersuchung und Vergleich der gnostischen Ideen über individuelleEschatologie kann man den Einfluss der gnostischen Glauben aufEntwicklung der Eschatologie in Manichäismus deutlich feststellen. In dervorliegenden Studie werden zuerst die eschatologischen gnostischenGedanken und Meinungen behandelt. Nach der Untersuchung, Analyseund Vergleich der manichäistischen Ideen wird der Einfluss dergnostischen Glauben auf Manichäismus besprochen. ENGLISH: Gnostic religions have been widely expanded in various parts of the ancientMesopotamian lands, also in northern Syria. This distribution of thoughts,according to many scholars, influenced the great religions such as Jewishand Christian. MANICHAEANISM is one of the most important religions in theancient world that developed in Mesopotamia; hence, many of Mani'sthoughts are combined with Gnostic ideas. One of the intricate andmysterious Manichaean beliefs is the universal eschatology and the story oflife after death. Studying and comparing Gnostic thoughts of individualeschatology, leads to the idea that the Gnostic beliefs affected the formationof the eschatological beliefs of MANICHAEANISM. This paper mainly studiesthe presence of Gnostic thoughts in MANICHAEANISM; and throughdescriptive-analytical approach, examines gnostic thoughts and beliefs ofthe individual's eschatology in religious texts. Finally, by analyzing andcomparing Mani's thoughts, the influence of Gnosticism on Manicheanthought is rebuilded.