Some of the most essential political questions about people, institutions and political systems are related to psychology. Many of the researchers use this approach to consider the personality dimensions. They psychoanalyze political leaders in order to analyze the past, present and future conditions. From this point of view, through comparing KAREN's psychological theory and Mohammadreza Pahlavi's behaviors, we believe that different environmental and social factors of his childhood, as a result of lack of support and love, led to neurosis and anxiety. So his personality led to a ruling full of narcissism, like of other's flattering behaviors and megalomania and so being after dominance over others. At last his personality weakness made him unable to use the existing national power and foreign support in order to save his imperial power.

James Turber is one of the greatest contemporary American writers who has a worldwide reputation. He is known to be the second great satirist in America after Mark twain. In this article one of Turber’s famous stories, entitled “The Secret Life of Walter Mitty” is studied based on the Horney’s point of view. It is impossible to understand the hidden layers of the story without some kind of psychological criticism, and Horney’s approach demonstrates that Walter Mitty, the main character of the story, mirrors James Turber himself, who in the real life was so awkward, poor, and incapable; he attempts, thus, to compensate in the light of imagination, his misfortunes and inferiorities.

Ahmad Kasravi was one of the most challenging personalities in the contemporary history of Iran. Many of his actions were contrary to the customs of the society and his researches were deconstructive. Therefore, studying the psychology of his personality can explain his actions in different aspects. Therefore, this article studying his actions in the political, religious, social and historiographic fields in adulthood with emphasizing the recognition of the influence of Ahmed Kasravi's social and family conditions in his childhood. The present research has investigated Kasravi's life and thoughts with the historical method and based on Peyman and Parcham journals. Also has used KAREN Horne's theories in the analysis of Kasravi's personality, according to his theories, the most important factors in personality development are family and social conditions during childhood. According to the current research, the excessive affection and attention of the family and seclusion from other children and the social and cultural conditions of the society caused the formation of a kind of Basic anxiety in Kasravi's personality, which had an effect on aggressiveness and isolation towards others and the formation of an ideal self-image idealized.

Politicians' actions have always been studied from various perspectives, but analysis of their personality and their political life has been evaluated less widely using the theories discussed in the field of psychology. Ahmad Ghavam is one of the influential politicians in Iran's contemporary era, with different, even contradictory judgments about him and his political performance. Thus, the question of this research is that, considering Ahmad Ghavam's diverse political behaviors and attitudes, and the various viewpoints about his political life, how his political character and performance can be analyzed in political psychology framework? In this research, we tried to analyze Ahmad Ghavam's personality and political life using the concepts discussed in KAREN Horney's theory of social psychology. The findings of this research show that the most important reason for the rise and fall of the "aggressive" and "domineering" personality of Qawam, is a result of his efforts to provide a "Ideal Self " of himself in order to restore his suppressed "psychological security" and his need for power for "self-reliance" on power. This research also shows that interdisciplinary approaches, and in particular the use of political psychology, which has been formed from the link between psychology and politics, can provide a new gateway to the analysis of character and political life of politicians, and enhance our knowledge in the psychological analysis of the actors of the world of politics.

This article examines the role of anxiety in the behavior and actions of the main characters of the Wandering Island novel. The main characters of the novel, Hasti and Murad and Salim, have been studied in accordance with KAREN Horne's theory; Which shows that loving, superior, and solitary individuals return to their original selves in all circumstances, but sometimes their emotions and sometimes their personal interests and perhaps sometimes their social status do not allow them to show that true face. He believes that there are conflicts, that is, anxieties and worries and fundamental contradictions between the three behaviors of personality. In fact, all people, both healthy and mentally ill, suffer from the conflict between these inconsistent trends. The characters of the Wandering Island novel are no exception to this rule and have inevitably experienced conflicts based on their childhood experiences. In other words, the triple personality of these people is inspired by their childhood, and in fact, childhood experiences are the basis for which dimension of the three personality traits, until the end of a person's life, leadership and executive power of the personality and. Affect it emotionally and psychologically. Internal conflicts, on the one hand, empower them, on the other hand, erode them, and on the other hand, lead them to society. At the end of the story, Hasti achieves the same desire that she longed for in her heart. Murad undergoes a transformation and becomes a different personality, and Salim, like his name, surrenders to the social conditions that govern time. Thus, it can be said that in the novel The Wandering Island, according to Horne's theory, most of the characters fall into the same classification that dominates and dominates their character.

KAREN Horney is among psychologists that emphasizes on social interactions as the principal defining factor in formation of the human personality. She called on other psychoanalysts to focus on social backgrounds where people grow in. We similarly use Horney's ideas to analyze the personality of "Nawal" the main character in the novel "Haras". Our methodology here is descriptive analytical, aiming to identify which type of neuroticism is used by Nawal to protect herself against her major anxieties. The findings of this study show that Nawal's terrible childhood conditions such as lack of support from her Mother's side and her father's failure in meeting her basic needs lead to the formation of a basic anxiety in her personality, which increases in intensity when young Nawal loses her child. Therefore to protect herself against the basic anxiety, she exhibits neurotistic behaviors (moving towards people, moving against people, moving around people). However the forces and contradictions existing in these behaviors lead to a basic contradiction in her personality. Under these conditions, Nawal turns to self-idealism (motherhood of all the dead) to protect herself against the basic contradiction that aggravates her personality problems further and moves her farther away from her true self.

Armstrong's and Gyatso's views are based on religious teachings and providing a spiritual idea to solve social crises and achieve happiness. This article aims to evaluate this approach under the title “spiritual lifeworld” and the question is, what are the shortcomings of their analysis of the lifeworld as a comprehensive approach to achieve happiness? Therefore, they pay attention to common issues such as paying attention to global challenges, extracting from religion and not committing to religion. However, Armstrong emphasizes living in the light of "compassion" and Gyatso emphasizes living in the light of "joy". Both of them, regarding spiritual lifeworld, believe that compassion or joy is the purpose of happiness. However, their occurrence faces at least two problems. First, in referring to religious beliefs-in proving their thoughts-they misunderstand the truth of religion. Second, their definition of happiness is incomplete, because they do not pay attention to all aspects of happiness. In their thought, happiness is reduced to ideals in worldly life or is limited to presenting positive and hopeful views against difficult life conditions. In fact, they limit happiness to social crises and neglect other human possibilities and goals.

Salmrgy novel, from Asghar Elahi, an Iranian novelist and psychiatrist is naration of distress and conflict of personalities. In forming the characters of the novel, Elahi portrays their emotional states such as fear, Psychosis and humiliation with new techniques such asmentalsoliloquy (self telling). In this study, we are going to study this novel, according to KAREN Horney's psychological theory. The study was conducted using content analysis and the character sand their functions isevaluated and and the results show that these psychotic characters, depending on their situation or position and refer to defensive methods such as seeking of love, and isolationism for the treatment of psychosis and their inferiority. They flee from reality for escaping of torment of conscience. The narrative sare more complex by expanding the scope of mental and psychological imagination. Time is moving and interfering in their illusory and distracted minds and new narratives are formed from these interferences. Sometimes the time of stories is not specifiedandthe timelessness in monologues will engage the audience with the narrative confusion in this novel. The Life of characterswho are seekinglove is depending to people''s love and help. So theytend to suppress their supremacy. A person who is Seeking seclusion, benefit from his seclusion according to the spiritual needs and his position or Conditionand in fact, in order to reach his desired comfort and character.

The study of Kello's character in Suvashun's story is the main issue of this article that anxiety and aggression due to being away from the rural family and his favorite environment and uses psychological defense mechanisms against Yousef and his family Which is consistent with KAREN Horney's theory. The purpose of this study is to show the effect of childhood and the environment of growth and education on the formation of the future personality of the child. The main question is how does the child feel helpless because of the feeling of insecurity and lack of true love and there is no other way but to choose opposition? The method of the article is to achieve specific goals and results in a descriptive-analytical manner and the results of the research show that Kello suffers from a lot of anxiety due to the lack of psychological security in childhood, Which provides the background for neurosis and also causes personality transformation; and finally, one of KAREN Horney's favorite personality types is revealed in him.

Riyad al-Qazi is one of the contemporary Iraqi writers who has depicted the factors influencing the formation of the personality of different strata of society in the novel "Bait al-Qazi - Al-Arrab al-Akhir". The present research aims to analyze the psychological criticism of Riyad Al-Qazi's novel "Bait Al-Qazi - Al-Arrab Al-Akhir" by descriptive-analytical method and based on KAREN Horne's personality theory, and to identify the different personality types of the novel and to analyze its neurotic features and to It looks at the roots of the effective causes in the formation of characters in the novel and examines the author's purpose in creating these types of characters. The findings of the research show that in this novel, the type of aggressive personality or movement against others is more frequent than other types. Among the neurotic needs that Hornay puts forward, one can mention power-seeking, sadistic tendencies and inferiority complex and trying to gain status and social position, discarding competitors, exploiting others, which the authors implicitly criticize and depict the harmful effects of each. pulls. One of the reasons that lead to the formation of these neurotic needs is the cultural environment and the chaotic atmosphere of Iraq, which plays a significant role in shaping the character of each person in the novel and has turned them into anti-social people