Introduction: The ethical dimensions of agriculture need to be explored, distinguishing between ethics in agriculture and ethics of agriculture. Ethics in agriculture is traditionally based on abstract moral theory, formulated through logical reasoning, but often found inadequate to address the complex ethical challenges within agriculture due to its abstract nature and lack of practical visibility. Conversely, ethics of agriculture is approached within a context-specific framework derived from the research topic with the aim of providing more tailored solutions. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of the relevant literature is conducted, using a descriptive-analytical approach to provide a conceptual framework for understanding agricultural ethics. Conclusion: The article highlights the critical need for a comprehensive ethical framework to address the multifaceted ethical challenges in the agricultural sector. The importance of analyzing and resolving ethical dilemmas at all stages of agriculture is underscored in order to align practices with human ideals and to ensure ethical decision-making by stakeholders involved in agriculture.

The fifteenth century is unique in all aspects of Iran and Iranian life. The destructive Mongol invasion and its inauspicious effects showed the imprudence of the monarchic system and resulted in different reactions from the destitute against this most tragic of world events. This action and reaction brought about impressive social phenomena, some of which can be found within historical and literary texts of the period. The main subject of this research is to survey and analyze the effects of these phenomena in different aspects of Iranian life. The recognition of Iranian identity, and the expression and explanation of its components allow the new generation to watch their past clearly in the mirror of time and learn the lessons of history. The contents of the six sections of this paper deal with some of the social phenomena which should be analyzed and re-evaluated.

The present research studied the (causal, contextual, and intervening) conditions, strategies, and consequences of violence in the lives of child wives in Chabahar city, conducted with a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory. For this purpose, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 child-married girls in Chabahar city who were selected through theoretical sampling and snowball method. The analysis of the data in the framework of the three-level open, axial and selective coding system showed that gendered inequality and discrimination, women's inferiority, men's value, the culture of silence and the culture of violence play a role in the experience of child-wives in terms of violence (causal conditions), which leads to a type of increased, double violence for them (core category); violence that operates within the framework of the family institution, the main mechanism of which are previous traditions and rules, and the perpetrators of which are men and women who were themselves the victims of the same traditions and rules that they have, now, internalized and used again against their daughters. This increased violence happens in a context where patriarchy is widespread (contextual conditions) and due to the generalized self-deprecation among child wives (intervening conditions), they may attempt to escape, get separated, threaten, and commit suicide (strategies), and these actions have consequences such as symbolic, physical, and sexual violence and even social isolation (consequences).

Gender is an issue of natural system and natural phenomena are not a cause for either proud or assault. According to religious instructions, man's dignity or statue depends on how he is a approximate to God. As such, the main criterion is piety, rather than gender or any other factor.As is in Quran: "O, people, I created you from a man and a woman, and set you in different sects and tribes so that you may recognize each other; the most dignified of you, are the most pious of you with God And He is All-knowing." The issue of gender and the related rights has been controversial since creation of man. This is true to the extent that men and women have changed during the history, their position in controlling the family or the society. After industrial revolution and the subsequent changes, however, women have shown a widespread presence in different socioeconomic areas to create equal opportunities for women as compared to men, which is a development index for every society. Also, cooperative movement lays emphasis on values such as self-help, individual responsibility, democracy, equal rights, along with the principle "one member - one vote". This in an indication to equal position for men and women in the movement In this article Anne-Brit Nippered from ILO, Points out the constraints of women in developing countries and the role that cooperatives can play in empowering them. This article is available in ILO’ s site under the title" Gender ISSUES in cooperatives".