Introduction: Isosporiasis is made up by replacing of ISOSPORA belli at the intestine spectine specially at the last part of duodenum and the first part of jejunum) Its symptoms are acute diarrhea) total weakness and loss of weight. Although adults and children can also be affected by the parasite but occurance of symptoms are mostly at the immunologically defecied persons) particularly these who are affected by AIDS. Diagnoses of this opportunist protozoa parasit is made by the appearance of its oocysts in the patiants feces.Clinical Data: In the west Azarbayjan) no case of ISOSPORA belli was recorded except one which is poing to be reported here. In this report) the case is a fifty seven years of ago male patiant which had a car accident 1.5 years ago he was hospitalized for about 6 months during which he has a very severe diarrhea by which he has lost weight about 20 Kg. Psychologically) the patient is very disappointed and weak. The patients serun was evaluated according to biochmical toutine test and also it was studied by different serological methods. To diagnose the parasite, the patients feces was studied according to methods of direct examination of the stool or may be detected in concerates for two sequent days. Observing the ooeyst was approved by modified add-fast staining. The patient, after diagnosing the desrase, was treated specifically, and recovered within One week.

In spring 2008, during study on Persian cats to intestinal parasites in Tabriz city, feces samples were collected from two cats (2.5 month), once male and another female that they are hold in once cage in veterinary clinic. feces samples were abnormal. Samples transported to laboratory and tested by Sheather’s solution and then samples were studied by light Microscopy. Samples showed oocystes of ISOSPORA felis. This is the first case of this infestation from Tabriz city.

A captive adult common mynah (Acridotheres tristis) died shortly after a course of seizure and opisthotonous with an illness characterized by severe lethargy, depression, loss of appetite, polyurate, and urate discoloration. Abdominal distention and hepatomegly, visible over the abdominal skin, were noticed clinically. At necropsy, severe enlargement of liver with general discoloration was obvious. Histopathological findings included schizonts and gametes in the intestine, especially in the duodenum. Cytology from impression smears revealed intracytoplasmic Atoxoplasma-like zoites in the inflammatory cells especially macrophages within the liver and in the contact smears prepared from the liver, lung, and spleen. Based on postmortem findings of the organisms in blood mononuclear cells and in impression smears of liver and Giemsa stained impression smears of liver, the spleen and lung atoxoplasmosis caused by Isoapora sp. was specified as the cause of death. According to the literature, visceral coccidiosis (atoxoplasmosis), described here, could be considered as one of the severe causes of mortality among captive birds.

ISOSPORA is a common intestinal parasite in ornamental birds, especially passeriformes. ISOSPORA infection can induce enteritis and reduce digestibility and nutrient adsorption. In this study, a comparison was made between the efficiency of toltrazuril and sulfadiazine on reducing ISOSPORA oocyte shedding in infected canaries. To this purpose, a total of 165 infected canaries in 48 cages were divided into 3 groups, including control group, infected and treated with toltrazuril group, and infected and treated with sulfadiazine group. The mean oocyte shedding in groups was compared statistically before and after treatment. Results showed there is no significant difference in the rate of ISOSPORA oocyte shedding between canaries treated with toltrazuril and those treated with sulfadiazine. Therefore, in the current conditions of Iran, toltrazuril and sulfadiazine seem to be equally effective in controlling ISOSPORA infection in canary.

Background: Although the number of infectious diseases has sharply decreased in last few decades, parasitic diseases persist in developing countries. On the other hand, chronic psychiatric patients tend to have low self-control, poor personal hygiene, long term institutionalization and extremely low self-care should be monitored for parasitic diseases since psychosocial conditions can contribute to an affinity for infectious diseases.Objectives: The aim of study was to investigate intestinal parasites in chronic psychiatric patients.Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all chronic psychiatric patients from Sina Hospital of Shahre-Kord University of Medical Sciences were recruited from April to November 2010. From each patient, 3 stool samples were collected every other day. Samples were transferred to Department of Parasitology of Faculty of Medicine and were examined by wet direct smear, Ziehl-Neelsen and Rayan blue trichrome stains. Direct smear was examined microscopically by performing a standard direct smear using normal saline (0.85%) and Iodine solution (Lugol). Stools were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen and Rayan blue trichrome in order to investigate Cryptosporidium and Microsporidia respectively.Results: Forty-seven patients (72%) were male and 18 (28%) were female.The minimum time of institution was 2 months and the longest period of incarceration was 152 months. The mean of hospitalization duration was 94.7 months. Forty-four cases (68%) of participants were infected with intestinal parasites.The most frequent parasites were Blastocystis hominis in 15 cases (23%) followed by Microsporidia in 12 cases (18.5%), Giardia lamblia in 7 cases (11%), ISOSPORA in 5 cases (8%) and Cryptosporidium in 4 cases (6.2%), respectively.Conclusions: Opportunistic protozoan parasites such as Microsporidia, ISOSPORA and Cryptosporidium should be considered as a potential pathogen in this setting and more health care should be given to this specific group.

Background: Sporozoan protozoa and enteroparasites cause gastroenteritis. Sporozoa are the major cause of self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent patients, however they cause serious diseased in patients with immunosuppression.Objectives: The current study aimed to identify the prevalence of sporozoa and enteroparasites among patients with gastroenteritis referred to the healthcare centers in seven provinces of Iran.Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 4200 stool samples were randomly collected from patients with gastroenteritis in the selected hospitals of Gilan, East Azerbaijan, Qazvin, Kurdistan, Mazandaran, Tehran and Khorasan-e-Razavi provinces. Primarily samples were examined directly for enteroparasites. The samples were then filtered and concentrated using Paraseb kit. The pellets were fixed, stained by different assays including acid fast staining, Auramin Phenol Fluorescence, Giemsa and light microscopy.Results: The results revealed the overall rate of infection, 3.86% (163 cases), as an indicator of parasitic enteropathogens in Iran. Among the provinces, Khorasan-e-Razavi and Mazandaran with 8.83% (53 cases) and 0.34% (2 cases) showed the highest and lowest rates of infection, respectively. The frequencies of sporozoa including Cryptosporidium, Microsporidium, ISOSPORA and Cyclospora spp. were 0.1%, 0.1%, 0.07% and 0.02% respectively. Among the parasites, Giardia lambelia, Taenia saginata and Hookworms with 1.78% and 0.02% had the highest and lowest rates of infection, respectively. Regarding the age groups, the highest and the lowest rates of infection were in 0 - 10 (48%) and 41 years old and above (6.7%) groups, respectively.Conclusions: Despite relatively low prevalence of sporozoa, giardiosis is the most prevalent agent for gastroenteritis amongst 3.86% of parasitic infections in Iran. The current study confirmed the abundance of infection in warm and wet seasons, and more frequency of infections among children than adults. Meanwhile, geographical and agricultural conditions, seasonal rainfall, abundance of water, and animal contact are key factors affecting sporozoan infections.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cryptosporidium and ISOSPORA are opportunistic and zoonotic protozoan parasites and they can cause chronic and self-limiting gastroenteritis in immunocompetent individuals and acute gastroenteritis in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of cryptosporidium and ISOSPORA and other enteropathogenic parasites in patients with gastroenteritis in Babol and Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran.METHODS: This descriptive and cross sectional study was performed on 802 stool samples of gastroentritic patients with cluster random sampling in 7 health and treatment centers of Babol and Babolsar from June 2005 to June 2006. Stool samples were collected, fixed and examined by direct method (DM) for detecting pathogen parasites, acid- fast staing (AFS) and auramin phenol flourescence (APF) for detecting two cryptosporidium and ISOSPORA parasites.FINDINGS: Prevalence rate of parasitic infections was 3.4%, and the most rates of parasitic infections were G. lamblia 2.7%, E. coli 0.4% and A. lumbricoides 0.12%, respectively. The prevalence rate of cryptosporidiosis and isosporiasis in above samples was 0.12% and 0, respectively.CONCLUSION: Detection of cryptosporidium and ISOSPORA is uncommon in routine stool examinations in most laboratories and there is not also request to examine sporozoan parasites in stool. Due to cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients, the need for establishment of diagnostic methods is emphasized.