The scope of use of solar power plants in the world is constantly expanding. Currently, significant progress is due to cheaper technologies and quality growth of it. This article presents justification for the possibility of efficient using of photovoltaic (PV) INSTALLATIONs in oil industry for dewaxing of oil well. The study involves predicting the formation and melting of wax deposits over the course of a year, taking into account the electricity generated from the PV INSTALLATION with optimal established parameters of the system. Based on the modeling results, the thickness of the paraffin wall did not exceed the permissible 9 mm with a tubing diameter of 63 mm when using only PV system as energy source. The achieved result made it possible to justify the possibility of an implementation of the PV system without additional sources of electricity (including energy storage systems). Such configuration is achieved by choosing the optimal angle of inclination of the PV panels of 60 , at which there is no downtime of the well. For the oil well flow rate from 80 t/s to 3 t/s, the power of the PV INSTALLATION ranged from 40 kW to 90 kW. Such a concept will not be equally relevant to all parts of the world, but in general it will make a smooth transition to clean and safe energy. Introducing such autonomous systems is to increase the environmental safety and reliability of the energy sector with the aim of creating prerequisites for the implementation of sustainable development goals.

Technical and economical assessment of distributed generation (DG) INSTALLATION in power systems is one of the main stages in related studies. Because some capabilities of sub-transmission substations such as presence of operators and existing monitoring and control facilities, they are suitable candidate for DGs INSTALLATION. This paper presents a new method for economical evaluation of DG INSTALLATION in a sub-transmission substation. In this approach all cost items (including investment, operation, and maintenance costs of DG) and benefit items (including substation capacity upgrade deferral, reduction in annual cost of purchased active/reactive power and reliability improvement) are mathematically modeled. Then, these items are aggregated as an objective function. Also operational constraints of DG are considered in the formulation. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated by some numerical studies and sensitivity analysis.

Intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has become an established adjuvant treatment for superficial bladder carcinoma. This treatment is associated with a relatively high rate of side effects which are mostly reversible spontaneously or can be treated symptomatically. Serious systemic side effects are less frequent. One of rare complications is granulomatous cutaneous reaction. We report a 50-year-old man with disseminated papules and plaques following intravesical BCG.

The aim of this study was the selection of appropriate depth and spacing of pipe drains in order to decrease INSTALLATION costs of drainage network per unit area. A model was developed to estimate construction costs using soil and plant data for Behshahr region. The results showed construction costs decrease with increasing INSTALLATION depth, as reduction in costs in shallower drain depths (<1.8 m) was higher, compared to greater drain depths (>1.8 m). When environmental effects are considered in addition to INSTALLATION costs, the optimum range of drain depths are between 1.6 to 1.8m whereas the minimum costs would be related to the 2.8m depth. Furthermore over- and under-estimation design factors and transportation distance for envelope materials had considerable effect on construction costs, and this effect was more intense for shallower drain depths.

For INSTALLATION and the sustainable development of floating solar photovoltaic systems, it is essential to understand their components and possible designs for implementation. Moreover, their proper performance in terms of energy, economic, and environmental factors should be ensured as well as optimized. These types of systems operate in different environments. As a result, selecting components for these systems, and designing as well as implementing their various structures all have their own challenges that either directly or indirectly influence power output, durability, cost, and environmental impact. Even though floating systems are located on the surface of water sources and reservoirs, different cleaning techniques may not be applicable due to the need for high-quality water or certain environmental conditions. This study, therefore, provides a comprehensive guide to selecting components, designing and installing floating photovoltaic solar systems, as well as the necessary conditions for maintenance and different cleaning methods for these systems, by reviewing related research and various implementation plans. By using content analysis, previous studies in this field were reviewed, classified, and evaluated, and the results were prepared for researchers and decision-makers.

Star tracker is one of the most important devices used on satellites for attitude determination. Since its output is discontinuous, it needs a complementary unit to cover its discontinuities. Using gyroscope unit is the most suitable choice for aiding the star tracker. However, using these two kinds of sensor simultaneously has some challenges. In other words, not only not only sensor biases decrease the accuracy of attitude determination, but also the INSTALLATION error has a significant effect on the accuracy. In this paper, after presenting the important role of INSTALLATION errors between star tracker and gyroscope in the accuracy of attitude determination, an effective method is proposed to determine the misalignment error between these two sensors which is only based on their measurements, and the mathematical formulation is presented in detail. Finally, to validate the performance of the proposed method, it is implemented to calculate the instantiation error of an experimental dataset gathered in the Mount Pooladkaf, And the results are reported in the form of graphs and tables.

In the past few decades establishment and deployment of intelligent speed control systems, and with different degrees of efficiency by the states has been used. In the study, after providing explanations about GIS passengers’ communication satisfaction in Tehran-kurdistan Communication path by using field studies and Research Questionnaire are examined.