History and Objectives:Considering the incidence and incremental trend for kidney grafting and the significance of initiation of diuresis and the positive effect of mannitol and overHYDRATION and for evaluation of simultaneous use of them, this study was carried out on referrals of Labafmejad hospital in 2000.Materials and Methods:The quasi-experimental strategy of this study was carried out on 40 patients with indications for kidney grafting with their written consent. Twenty min before anastomosis of renal vein, intravenous injection of mannitol (5 ml/Kg) was initiated and its effect on the initiation of diuresis in min was recorded with a confidence intervalof 95%.Results:This study was performed on 40 patients (25 females and 15 males) with an average age of 33.6 years and average weight of 52.6 Kg. The results showed that in 80% of patients, diuresis was initiated in less than a minute and in 90% of them, diuresis was initiated in less than 2 min.Conclusion and Recommendations:Simultaneous use of mannitol and overHYDRATION could accelerate the initiation of diuresis and because this is very important in survival of grafted kidney, therefore it recommended to carry out thorough experimental study.

Introduction: Water is an essential nutrient for life. It comprises 75% of total body weight in infants,60% in adult males and 50% in adult females. Decrease in body water is commonly known as deHYDRATION. Acute or chronic deHYDRATION is a common condition in some population groups, especialy the elderly and those who participate in physical activity in warm environments. Potential consequences of deHYDRATION include constipation, urinary tract and respiratory infection, urinary stone disease and there might also be an association between a low habitual fluid intake and some carcinomas, cardiovascular disease and diabetes.Many indices have been investigated to establish their role as markers of deHYDRATION status. Body mass changes, blood indices, urine indices and bioelectrical impedance analysis have been used most widely, but current evidence and opinion tend to favor urine indices as the most convenient and sensitive methods. Methods: This cross sectional study was done for estimating the prevalence of deHYDRATION in adult population (students, nurses, officials, workers) in Yazd. These persons were selected randomly. Urine samples of two hundred and thirty persons were obtained at 10-12 AM, and urine specific gravity measured by refracts meter (all of the samples) and dip stick (some samples).Finding: According to this study, 96.7% of our population had some degree of deHYDRATION.69.7% of them were significantly dehydrated (urine SG>1020) and 4.8% of them were severely dehydrated (urine SG>1030) and the mean specific gravity was 1021±5/65. This study evaluated other factors that could probably indicate HYDRATION status like urine colour, type of drink, frequency of urination and frequency of thirst per day.Conclusion: High percentage of our population was dehydrated which was not correlated to the type of drink but was correlated to urine colour, frequency of urination and frequency of thirst. So, regular monitoring of urine to keep if clear or light yellow is a simple way to prevent deHYDRATION.

Dolomite refractories have a good production potential in Iran due to the existence of high-quality dolomite ore in many regions of the country, particularly in Isfahan and Hamedan. The basic problem associated with the production and use of this type of refractories is inherent tendency to HYDRATION of calcined dolomite. One of the methods to overcome this problem is to increase the amount of magnesia in doloma. This study focuses on the use of Iranian dolomite to produce magnesia -doloma (mag-dol) refractory with high resistance to HYDRATION and corrosion. It was found that addition of 20wt% magnesite to dolomite would result in capsulating of CaO by MgO that protects doloma from further HYDRATION.

Introduction: Hemorrhage in trauma is important and replacement of the blood loss is one of the ways which may reduce the number of mortalities. We decided to study the use of hypersaline serum in comparison with normal saline serum and not prescribing blowing serum in caring animal simulation model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock following trauma.Objectives: The assessment of 3% hyper saline serum application compared with saline normal serum and not prescribing blowing serum in caring animal simulation model of hemorrhagic shock in trauma.Materials and method: The animal lab investigation and the grant of this animal trial was provided by AJA University of medical science. The goats were sedated with Ketamine and Diazepam. The tracheostomy was done on the goat and was ventilated with portable ventilator. Continuous blood pressure and electrocardiogram monitoring was positioned. Animals were cut and blood volume was measured. The bleeding was not being controlled and after 300-350 ml of bleeding, the goats were randomized into 3 groups; those treated with normal saline 20 ml/kg (n=10), hypersaline 3% 6 ml/kg (n=10) and no fluid resuscitation (n=10). Data related to the duration of survival, volume of lost blood, blood pressure and metabolic acidosis were gathered and analyzed.Results: Blood volume loss in normal saline group, hypersaline group and no volume resuscitation group was 1139 ml, 1551 ml, 600 ml respectively. The mortality rate significantly increased using hypersaline. Also, blood acidosis increased and hemoglobin decreased significantly while using normal and hypersaline serum vs. no fluid resuscitation.Discussion and conclusion: Resuscitation with normal saline or hypersaline can increase blood loss during a hemorrhagic shock and do not improve survival.

There have been lots of studies to control the poor HYDRATION resistance of dolomite refractories, one of the most effective solutions has been the addition of magnesia to doloma. Using a co-clinker of magnesia-doloma as a starting material would provide more homogeneity in the properties of the product and has been published recently. On the other hand, addition of iron oxide to doloma has been found to increase the HYDRATION resistance. In this paper, the effect of iron oxide addition on HYDRATION phase analysis and microstructure of two different magnesia-doloma samples, one with CaO content of 25 wt% and the other one with that of 35 wt% has been investigated. Ten samples were prepared by pressing followed by firing at 1750 oC for 3hrs. Results showed that the HYDRATION resistance of the samples improved by decreasing the CaO content, because CaO is much more prone to HYDRATION comparing to MgO. Besides, iron oxide addition lead to the formation of iron-containing phases which increased the HYDRATION resistance of the samples both by capsulating the CaO and MgO grains and by promoting the liquid phase sintering.