In this research, a method for producing gum tragacanth (GT) fibers is presented. Ribbon type GT of Astragalus Gummifer species were obtained from local production lands. The gum was treated with alkali to increase its process ability, and allowed to stand for a period of time to reach the proper viscosity and/or to “ripen”. Samples with different ripening times were prepared and their viscosities were measured to determine the effect of ageing time on viscosity. They were injected into a coagulation bath. Calcium chloride with different concentrations was applied as the coagulant agent. The consolidated samples were washed under different pH conditions. Finally, the mechanical properties of the fibers were measured and their scanning electron micrographs were taken. The results show that chemically modified GT can be processed into fibers with different qualities.

Background: Urolithiasis is the most prevalent uronephrologic disorder caused by genetic, environmental factors, and metabolic defects.Objectives: The present study aimed to find a possible association between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) TaqI and the BsmI gene polymorphisms in relation to the serum levels of calcium (Ca) and vitamin D and the risk of urolithiasis. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 68 children with urolithiasis and 67 healthy controls for the VDR gene polymorphisms using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism method. Results: The frequency of TaqI C allele was 36% in patients compared to 32.1% in controls (P = 0.49). A significantly higher frequency of the TaqI CC genotype was found among patients in the age group > 5 to 10 years. No significant difference was detected in the frequency of the BsmI A allele between patients (41.9%) and controls (42.5%, P = 0.91). However, a significantly lower frequency of the BsmI AA genotype was detected compared to those patients with Ca levels of > 10.8 mg/dL among patients with Ca levels of ≤ 10.8 mg/dL. Conclusions: Based on the results, a lack of an association between the VDR TaqI and BsmI polymorphisms with the risk of urolithiasis among children from Western Iran. However, a higher frequency of the TaqI CC genotype was found in the age group > 5 to 10 years. In addition, lower levels of Ca in patients were related to a significantly lower frequency of the BsmI AA genotype. The VDR gene BsmI polymorphism might affect the calcium level and the calcium metabolism in urolithiasis.

We give an alternate proof of the result due to Haydon, Odell and Schlumprecht that subspaces of Lp, p > 2, which are isomorphic to L2 contain subspaces which are well isomorphic to L2 and well complemented.

This study shows the design of a new hybrid power generation system, photovoltaic panel (PV)-coupled solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and gas turbine (GT)-electrolyser. Three objectives (cost, pollutant emissions, and reliability), which are usually in conflict, are considered simultaneously. The design of a hybrid system, considering the three mentioned objectives, poses a very complex problem of optimization. A multi-objective optimization method (PESA) is considered to obtain the best combinations for the hybrid system. In this work, the effect of panel's angle change and SOFC-GT fuel type are considered too. In order to study the effect of fuel price, this study is done about two fuel prices: Iran fuel price and international fuel price.

Background: Strategy scholars have argued that capabilities can influence firm performance through a variety of means and mechanisms. Objective: Present study, based on the current state of the pharmaceutical companies and their need for dynamic capabilities, is trying to identify dynamic capabilities that make prospective and pioneering and fulfill their vision in current changing environment. Methods: In order to identify these capabilities, the qualitative approach and the Grounded theory approach have been used. In this regard, main capabilities were identified by 12 deep interviews with pharmaceutical industry experts. Findings: In the first phase of the study, 42 codes including market scanning, competitor monitoring etc. were extracted from interviews. And in coding phase, the codes obtained from previous step were classified into 13 codes of environmental scanning, creating an intelligent information system, idea generation, new product development, new process development, organizational flexibility, technological flexibility, adaptability, ability to evaluate and apply foreign knowledge, creating a communication network, managerial recognition, strategic decision making and managerial human capital. Finally, the ability to understand the environment, innovation capability, flexibility capability, attractiveness capability, and managerial capability were identified as dynamic capabilities of the pharmaceutical industry. Conclusion: Pharmaceutical companies will be able to identify the conditions and changes through the ability to understand the environment and they will be able to provide appropriate response to these conditions by innovation and flexibility capabilities, attractiveness and managerial capabilities.

Turbochargers are used to increase engine manifold air pressure. Control of intake manifold pressure is crucial issue which is done through the speed control of turbocharger, but since it is difficult to directly control the speed of the turbocharger, it is done indirectly through a gate that called the waste gate, which is located in the engine outlet and turbocharger’ s turbine inlet. One of the most common control methods for control of turbocharger is the gain scheduling control. This method design in parameter look-up table, supervisor and system subsection to control turbocharger performance. The performance of control loop can be evaluated with accuracy of considered model and designed controller. In this paper, the engine model with the turbocharger has been created in the GT-POWER software, then, by defining the input and output parameters in the GT-POWER model, the model is coupled with MATLAB software to controller design. In the next step, two methods have been developed to design the controllers for the gain scheduling control method. Eventually, effectiveness of turbocharger control using gain scheduling control is shown.

Human societies’,confrontation with death has been different,In addition to the advice to forget, some cultures, such as Islam, have prescribed death thinking at the top of their teachings. In this article, with the aim of discovering the model of religious death thinking, the thought of Imam Ali (A. S. ) and the data of Nahj al-Balagha are studied. The research method is qualitative analysis and "grounded theory" method. First, in the information gathering stage, sentences containing the word "death" and its synonyms were extracted with the help of the Alawites encyclopedia software, and then the resulting data were coded in three stages using the Strauss and Corbin approach. From 142 propositions related to death, 152 primary concepts and 23 main categories were obtained through theoretical and purposeful sampling. In the meantime, the category of "death inevitability" with the highest frequency was chosen as the central category and other categories were discovered and connected to it as causal, contextual and intervening conditions. At the end, the strategies and consequences were obtained and all the categories were presented as a paradigm model.

In the present work, determining the optimal strategy of multi virtual power plants (VPPs) as well as the objective of maximizing profit through the multi-level control of VPPs are discussed by the micro-grid utilization center including virtual power plants. VPPs include renewable resources such as wind farms, photovoltaic, and conventional resources such as fuel cell, micro turbine, hybrid heat and power include gas and also waste heat boiler integrated with electrical resources and energy storage devices such as batteries. During the market competition process, the method of biding for each VPP is determined according to the optimal generation capacity of each VPP. In order to reduce the effects of uncertainty and unpredictability of the output power of wind farms, a more precise method for predicting using wavelet transform and artificial neural network as well as genetic algorithm method has been provided. Two operational models are described in this paper: 1) specify the optimal independent strategy of each VPP; and 2) The game theory model to specify the optimized strategy of 9-bus IEEE system including multiple virtual power plants as well as a model of load response according to pricing mechanism for time use and also removable electrical loads.