Introduction: The ethical dimensions of agriculture need to be explored, distinguishing between ethics in agriculture and ethics of agriculture. Ethics in agriculture is traditionally based on abstract moral theory, formulated through logical reasoning, but often found inadequate to address the complex ethical challenges within agriculture due to its abstract nature and lack of practical visibility. Conversely, ethics of agriculture is approached within a context-specific Framework derived from the research topic with the aim of providing more tailored solutions. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of the relevant literature is conducted, using a descriptive-analytical approach to provide a conceptual Framework for understanding agricultural ethics. Conclusion: The article highlights the critical need for a comprehensive ethical Framework to address the multifaceted ethical challenges in the agricultural sector. The importance of analyzing and resolving ethical dilemmas at all stages of agriculture is underscored in order to align practices with human ideals and to ensure ethical decision-making by stakeholders involved in agriculture.

There are two approaches for simulating memory as well as learning in artificial intelligence; the functionalistic approach and the cognitive approach. The necessary condition to put the second approach into account is to provide a model of brain activity that contains a quite good congruence with observational facts such as mistakes and forgotten experiences. Given that human memory has a solid core that includes the components of our identity, our family and our hometown, the major and determinative events of our lives, and the countless repeated and accepted facts of our culture, the more we go to the peripheral spots the data becomes flimsier and more easily exposed to oblivion. It was essential to propose a model in which the topographical differences are quite distinguishable. In our proposed model, we have translated this topographical situation into quantities, which are attributed to the nodes. The result is an edge-weighted graph with mass-based values on the nodes which demonstrates the importance of each atomic proposition, as a truth, for an intelligent being. Furthermore, it dynamically develops and modifies, and in successive phases, it changes the mass of the nodes and weight of the edges depending on gathered inputs from the environment.

The aim of this research is creating a mesoporous structure in the MFI zeolite membrane layer and increase the pores diameter in order to increase the water permeability. The mesoporous structure was created by adding carbon black to the synthesis solution of the membrane in the in-situ hydrothermal method. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Berner-Emmett-Taylor (BET) and nitrogen gas permeability tests were used to characterize and the water permeation test was used to investigate the performance. The results showed the successful synthesis of the MFI zeolite membrane layer with proper crystallinity on the α-alumina support with the thickness of about 15 µm and the pore size between 4.5-20 nm, so that the largest amount of meso-pores had a diameter of 7.4 nm. The diameter of the pores has increased by 10 times compared to the synthesis without the presence of carbon black. The results of the water permeation test showed that increasing the the pores diameter using carbon black could increase the water flux of the membrane (26 L/m2.hr) up to 14-75 times compared to microporous membranes (0.35-1.74 L/m2.hr). Investigating the water flux of the membrane for water containing dissolved solids showed that the water flux of the mesoporous membrane (12 L/m2.hr) is still higher than the microporous membranes after 2 hr.

This study presents a Framework for calculating the risk of various projects, especially projects under uncertain circumstances. First, the related literature is reviewed and then the relationship between risk and projects is examined. Using a case study an approach is provided to determine the project risk in uncertain circumstances where sufficient data is not available for decision-making. In the new proposed method, instead of using a purely qualitative method, Dempster-Shafer theory has been used because of the limited data for decision making. Finally, the proposed method is examined based on a construction company and the results are presented.

Language learners are often expected to achieve an acceptable level in grammar, which is considered as the basis for all human languages. Teaching grammar was the main component of language teaching methods in the past. Even the communicative approach, the most widely-accepted teaching approach today, did not ignore teaching grammar. Although teaching grammar was viewed as unimportant and laid aside for a short period of time, researchers and authors later realized that without teaching grammar, language learning would be of poor quality; as a result, they referred back to teaching grammar. All these point to the fact that mastery over grammar could help the learners in better comprehending and producing language. The present study is an attempt to present a Framework on the basis of Keck and Kim (2014) for evaluating Persian grammar teaching textbooks. The name “ Kem” is coined in the present study and is composed of 28 likert-scale questions. The “ Kem” Framework is made up of two main parts: explanations and activities.

Having an integrated model of change management can simplify the inherent complexity of change by recognizing the relation between critical elements. Because of dynamic nature of variables and their interaction, developing a static model is not useful. This study tries to generate a new method for constructing a dynamic organizational change model in four steps with combining qualitative methods (content analysis and Delphi technique) and artificial neural networks (Fuzzy theory and genetic algorithm). In addition, by governing restrictions of various conditions, a road map is provided for managers to leading change. After recognizing and screening variables by qualitative methods, due to the complexity and scale of the problem the initial model is built with fuzzy theory and genetic algorithms are used for more accuracy. For governing restrictions and finding acceptable amount of variables to have a successful change program, genetic algorithm is used.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a Framework for detecting vulnerabilities in SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) networks. We focused our studies on the detection of SIP DoS related vulnerabilities in VoIP infrastructures because of their generalization. We try to find weaknesses in SIP enabled entities that an attacker by exploiting them is able to attack the system and affect it. This Framework is provided by the concept of penetration testing and is designed to be flexible and extensible, and has the capability to customize for other similar session based protocols. To satisfy the above objectives, the Framework is designed with five main modules for discovery, information modeling, operation, evaluation and report. After setting up a test-bed as a typical VoIP system to show the validity of the proposed Framework, this system has been implemented as a SIP vulnerability scanner. We also defined appropriate metrics for gathering the performance statistics of SIP components. Our test-bed is deployed by open-source applications and used for validation and also evaluation of the proposed Framework. The main contributions of this paper are its non-destructive manner in identifying vulnerabilities and incorporating the penetration testing ideas and steps in the overall architecture of our Framework. We also defined appropriate metrics that help us to identify vulnerabilities in a black box penetration testing.

Social protests, as non-institutional forms of political participation, are the undeniable reality of any society. The frequency and proliferation of this fact in history after the Islamic Revolution and its changes and transformations have doubled the need to pay attention to this form of collective action. Within these protests, the protestors have chanted these slogans, which, on the one hand, express their wishes and demands for political and social changes and their ideals for fundamental changes. On the other hand, these slogans are constructs of domestic and foreign media and virtual and real social networks. In this article, using content analysis method and based on the framing theory of Snow and Benford, an attempt has been made to analyze the slogans of the protests of the last three decades based on three interpretive Frameworks and the main themes. Slogans are defined in each Framework and each period of protests to reveal the thematic changes of slogans over three decades. The results show that in the protests of June 1999, the motivational Framework, the protests after the presidential elections of 2009, and the protests of January 2018 and November 2019, the diagnostic Framework carried the most weight among the slogans. The results of the analysis of the theme of the slogans also showed that in the protests of June 1999, Libertarian themes; in the protests of 2009, political justice themes, and in the protests of 2018 and 2019, anti-religious themes were the most frequent among other themes.