Introduction: The elbow is frequently involved in trauma and is one of the most frequently radiographed joint in emergency ward. Posterior Fat pad displacement has been describing in a variety of disorder such as hemophilia, rheumatoid arthritis and any condition that concomitant with joint effusion such as trauma. So it may be the manifestation of an Occult fracture as a result of trauma. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assessment the implication of posterior Fat-pad sign in occult elbow fracture. Materials and Methods: This research is a prospective and descriptive study that carried out on 328 patients with the age under 18 years old and a history of traumatic elbow injury. All of patients with the radiographically positive posterior Fat pad sign, without any intraarticular fracture were introduced in study. After 3 weeks the injury, anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique radiographs were made and evaluated for evidence of fracture healing (Periostial reaction). If there was evidence of new bone formation on any of this three radiographs, it was considered to indicate a fracture of elbow. Result: From 328 patients, 73% (242) were boys and 26% (86) were girls. 29(96)% of patients were posterior Fat pad positive sign that 85% (82) of above patient after 3 weeks become positive they had evidence of a fracture and in 18% (14) of patient hadn’t any evidence of fracture. 82% (65) of patients had supracondylar fracture, 41% (5) a fracture of lateral condyl humerus, 1.64% (2) a fracture of medial condyl humerus.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the prevalence of posterior Fat-pad sign with the evidence of fracture in elbow is very high and need to evaluate the patients with occult fracture correctly is very important.

Background and Aim: Cardiac electrophysiology study (EPS) is the study of the electrical system of the heart. One of the most common methods of treating cardiac arrhythmias is ablation. The main problem with this method is determination of the position of the heart that must be be ablated. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is used as a non-invasive, safe and fast tool to understand the electrical activity of the heart. The aim of this study was to identify the focal atrial tachycardia ectopic foci based on ECG signal analysis using sparse decomposition algorithm. Materials and Methods: 12-lead ECG signals of 48 patients with focal atrial tachycardia were recorded and stored. After preprocessing the ECG signals, by using Pan-Tompkins algorithm, each pulse of each signal was separated. Sparse coefficients of test data were calculated based on the sparse decomposition algorithm and the test data were classified. 4 anatomical position in the right atrium, one in the septum and 4 anatomical position in the left atrium were considered as 9 classes and the position of the ectopic foci in each test data was determined. Results: At first, the location of the ectopic foci was identified in the right or left atrium, and then the exact anatomical position in each atrium was estimated. The average accuracy of identifying the position of ectopic foci in 5 runs of algorithm was 81. 27±2. 78. The mean accuracy of identification of ectopic foci was 61. 73% in 4 anatomical position of right atrium, 64. 05% in septum and 65. 16% in 4 anatomical position of left atrium. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, the location of the ectopic foci of focal atrial tachycardia can be identified with appropriate accuracy using ECG signal analysis before performing electrophysiological study.

Fat oxidation during exercise can be influenced by exercise intensity and duration, training status, diet and physical activity level. However, few studies have investigated the effect of time of day on the rate of Fat oxidation during exercise. Thus the present study was designed to investigate the effect of time of day on indexes of Fat oxidation in active young women. For this purpose, 14 healthy women (mean±SD age, BF%, weight, BMI and Vo2max: 21.6±1.6 years, 18.3±4.6 %, 51.2±3.3 kg, 22±1.7 kg/m2, 40.8±4.2 ml/kg. min) voluntarily participated in this study. The exercise test was performed in two separate sessions in the morning (7: 00) and evening (19: 00). There was a 7-day interval between the two tests. The protocol was an incremental exercise to exhaustion on a treadmill. The volunteers started exercising at a speed of 58.3 m/min and at a gradient of 1%.Then, the speed increased to 16.7 m/min every three minutes until 125 m/min. At this point, the gradient increased by 2% per three minutes until RER=1 was achieved. VO2 and VCO2 were measured throughout the exercise by an automated gas analysis system. The data were analyzed using independent t test (a=0.05). The findings of the present study showed that no significant difference in maximal Fat oxidation between morning and evening exercises (morning: 0.39±0.13 vs. evening: 0.44±0.11, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in Fat Max between morning and evening (P>0.05). However, the mean intensity of maximal Fat oxidation was higher in the evening. Finally, it can be concluded that probably time of day (morning and evening) does not have an effect on substrate oxidation during intensive exercise.

Introduction & Objective: There is rising variety of fillers used in aesthetic surgery for skin augmentation and enhancement. The natural fillers include free Fat graft, derom-Fat graft and reverse dermo-Fat graft (dermis down and Fat up). There is not a unified opinion on comparative longevity for these grafts among authors. The purpose of this article is to find out the out the come of these grafts in the animal model.Materials & Methods: The study was performed at St. Fatima hospital animal laboratory on 12 Spraugue Dawly male rats who weighed 300 to 350 grams. Three forms of auto Fat graft including free Fat, dermo-Fat and reverse dermo-Fat was applied and after two months animals were sacrificed. The specimens were weighed before and after grafting with precise digital scale. All specimens stained with H& E dye and studied for the amount of fibroblast proliferation, collagen bundles, necrosis, neovascularization and eosinophil and giant cell infiltration.Results: We found statistically no significant difference of the pre and post graft weight changes between these three groups. We also couldn’t find and significant differences between the amount of fibroblast proliferation, collagen bundles, necrosis, neovascularization and eosinophil and giant cell infiltration.Conclusions: These findings show that free Fat can be used as filler with no need to be combined with dermis. On the other hand we found out that derom-Fat take and outcome is not dependent on the position of dermis whether to be over or under the Fat graft.