One of main factors that increases risk and likelihood of falling down among elderly people is weakness in balance and positive effect of some activities such as physical Exercises has been reported in order to prevent it. This research has been conducted through meta-analysis method to evaluate value of effectiveness and to compare effect size of three intermediations of Pilates, exercise in water and yoga on improvement of dynamic balance in Iranian elderly population. For this purpose, results of 20 researches with 25 effect sizes were analyzed. Results indicated that all three Exercises of intermediations of Pilates, exercise in water and yoga have been effective on dynamic balance of elderly people at the error level less than 0.05 and the combined effect sizes related to three intermediations of Pilates, exercise in water and yoga were respectively obtained 0.68, 0.73 and 0.50. Among three exercise methods based on the combined effect size, the most effective method to improve dynamic balance of elderly people was respectively specified Pilates, yoga and exercise in water. Considering findings from the research it can be concluded that all three intermediations of Pilates, exercise in water and yoga are effective on improvement of dynamic balance of elderly people but there is a significant difference in value of effectiveness in all three methods and according to the research Pilates exercise is more effective than exercise in water and yoga. Therefore, results and findings of the research can be utilized in prevention and treatment intermediations of problems related to balance of elderly people.

Introduction: Diabetes Type II is considered as the heterogeneous group of the metabolic diseases which contribute to inducing chronic hyper-glycemic and other disorders concerned with the metabolism of carbohydrates, fat and protein. This disease is a result of disorders in either or both of secretion insulin and insulin function. It is characterized by the long-term symptoms of vessels, nerves, kidneys and eyes. The present research intends to investigate the influence of the selected aerobic Exercises for eight weeks on platelet, aerobic power, TC/LDL ratio, TC/HDL ratio and fibrinogen in middle-aged male individuals with Diabetes Type II from Tabas.Materials and Methods: This is an applied research study of the method of Semi Experimental. Twenty subjects were randomly selected out of a population of 1500 persons ranging in age from 40 to 55 years old. The subjects’ rate of blood sugar was ranging between 120 and 250 deciliter. They were of the average height of 170 (165-175) centimeters and the average weight of 80 (75-85) Kilograms. The subjects’ Body Mass Index was estimated less than 25. They were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the experimental group. The selected aerobic activities included: the 12-minute Cooper Test using Third Mill and Work-Meter Bike.Before starting the Exercises and after 12 hours of fasting, ten milliliters of blood was bled from the arm vein of the subjects of both groups.Similarly, the second phase of bleeding was done after eight weeks of exercising. Paired t-Test was used to analyze the data. A significance level of p<0.05 was set for this research and the normality of data was tested using Kolamograph method.Results : The selected aerobic Exercises do not have any significant effect on the rate of platelet (P>0.409), fibrinogen (P>0.985) and TG/LDL (P>0.900) ratio in the patients with Diabetes Type II, but it has a significant effect on TG/HDL ratio (P<0.000 (and the aerobic power (P<0.000).Conclusion : Physical activities with an intensity of 60% to 80% HRR have the desirable effects on some blood factors in the patients with Diabetes Type II. Therefore, it is recommended that diabetes specialists prescribe Exercises as a supplementary treatment along with medicinal treatment.

Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is one of the most prevalent spinal abnormalities, appearing far into puberty. Schroth Exercises (SE) and core-stabilization Exercises (CE) have become very prominent among the specialized and general methods to scoliosis treatment. However, their effects are still unclear and there is insufficient evidence of superiority between them. Therefore, the aims of this review were to (1) evaluate and, (2) compare the effectiveness of these methods on Cobb angles (CA) in AIS. Methods: A systematic review was performed on SE and CE papers. The databases included PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Google Scholar from 2005 to June 2022. The PEDro scale assessed the quality of the papers. Results: After screening 410 papers, nine papers (SE=5, CE=3 and SE vs. CE=1), with 339 participants, were admitted for review (PEDro=6). Among them, three (SE=moderate evidence) and two papers (CE=limited evidence) reported clinically significant reductions in CA>5˚, alone or compared to control or other exercise methods, while only one paper (very limited evidence) showed the relative superiority of SE (-7.16˚) compared to CE (-3.27˚). However, three papers did not show clinically significant results (CA<5˚). Conclusions: Moderate and limited evidence suggests that both SE and CE can effectively improve CA, respectively. There is very limited evidence to suggest that SE is more effective than CE in treating AIS. Thus, the definitive answers to the questions, especially in regard to the superiority between these two methods, remained unclear. Further high-quality studies must be conducted in the future.