Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have increased in livestock and poultry over recent years. However, to date, there have been few studies that have investigated the antibiotic resistance bacteria among environmental and animal samples. Hence, the main purpose of this research was to isolate Enterobacteriaceae from the wastewater of poultry farms and investigate the pattern of antibiotic resistance in these bacteria. In this study, 100 wastewater samples were isolated from different poultry farms. These strains were identified using biochemical tests. The antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by the disk diffusion method (Kirby–Bauer). The isolated bacteria were investigated in terms of resistance patterns to cephalexin, tylosin, doxycycline, and erythromycin. A total of 170 Gram-negative bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family were isolated from poultry wastewater samples. The most isolated strain was Escherichia coli (35.33%), followed by Klebsiella (17.65%). According to this study, the most resistance was to cephalexin and doxycycline antibiotics. The results of this research indicate a high level of antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates from wastewater. This is probably be due to the improper use of antibiotics in the poultry industry.

Infections diseases afflict millions of people every day inflicting over thousands of death each day. Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria has been occurring with increasing proportions in all parts of the world. This can complicate therapeutic approaches especially in people with immunodeficiencies, AIDS patients, and in cancer victims. This problem also necessitates introduction of new antimicrobial agent with increased potency or trying to maximize therapeutic potencies of the available drugs in order to counter the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Plant extracts have been used in the last two decades to increase the antimicrobial potencies of various antibiotics. In this survey, the synergistic effect of Noscapin on Ofloxacin has been tested on a range of clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates which were resisted to fluoroquinolones. Twenty five Escherichia coli strains isolated from sick people which were resistant to ofloxacin according to agar diffusion NCCLS advised methods were collected. Subsequently, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each of the isolate, performed by serial dilution method, was determined toward Ofloxacin alone or in combination with Noscapin. The results indicated that the MIC of the 25 E. coli isolates towards Ofloxacin alone was in the range of 8-128 mg/ml. The MIC values to Noscapin alone were in the ranges of 0/5-1.0 mmol/ml. According to these results, Noscapin was used at the final concentration of 0.25 mmol/ml for all of the synergestic studies. Combination of Noscapin with ofloxacin was able to decrease the MIC values 2-8 fold for the E. coli isolates. This clearly points to the additive and synergistic effect of Noscapin on Ofloxacin against drug-resistant bacteria. By performing further studies, the additive effects of other plant extracts on various antibiotics can be studied.