Introduction: To safely prescribe medication in clinic, drug calculation ability is one of the basic skills that nurses must have. The major cause of medication errors is wrong dose calculation prescribed by nurses. This study aims to enhance the drug calculation ability of nurses of Hazrate Fatemeh Zahra hospital of Najaf Abad.Method: It was a quasi-experimental approach in which questionnaire was used to collect data. The population was nurses working in Hazrate Fatemeh Zahra hospital of Najaf Abad. Sampling method was convenience sampling. First, by using a researcher made questionnaire, pre-test was conducted from 43 people of the population. Then, intervention was done through workshops and after three weeks, the post-test was done. Reliability determined by using internal consistency and by split-half reliability and calculating Spearman-Brown reliability coefficient was 0.93. Data analysed with SPSS statistical software version 18 and statistical tests such as independent t-test, sign, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, McNemar and Pearson's correlation coefficient was performed.Results: Out of the 43 nurses participating in the study, 21 nurses (48.8%) were at the intermediate level before training and after training all the nurses (n=43, 100%) were at the advanced level and answered at least 83% of the questions correctly. Before performing drug calculations course, the mean score of female nurses was 14.52 and the mean score of male nurses was 18.93 and the total mean score of nurses was 15.93. In the beginning, there was a significant difference between the scores of male and female nurses (P<0.05) and male nurses had higher total drug calculation score. After taking the course, the mean scores of female nurses increased to 23.03 and male nurses to 23.29 and the total mean score of nurses to 23.12, and a significant difference between the scores of the nurses in the sample and in both males and females in the drug calculation test before and after the course was observed (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study indicate an increase in drug calculation abilities of nurses based on their score improvement in drug calculation in written test which was performed before and after intervention. According to the findings, the need for nurses in drug calculations was clear and by planned and ongoing training, these skills that are sensitive in preventing medication errors can be increased. Considering the importance of the issue and the reduced mastery of drug calculations that has been observed, it is suggested that these programs continue in different working periods of nurses so that they would be effective.

Introduction & Objective: Stress and perceived threats in the workplace are global phenomena in nursing. Psychological empowering can act as a buffer against stress and improve the quality of the provided care. This study was designed to explain theoretically the psychological empowering of Iranian clinical nurses.Materials & Methods: In this qualitative study fourteen nurses and four head-nurses from hospitals connected with Orumieh University of medical sciences were selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected by deep interview with semi-structural questions. Finally data was analyzed using the conventional qualitative content analysis.Results: Data analysis resulted in the emergence of three main themes of self-assistance, management behaviors, self-efficacy and eight related sub themes. nurses empowered themselves psychologically by integrating the three mentioned themes.Conclusion: Psychological empowering is a dynamic and multi-dimensional concept with a complex nature which is influenced by personal and managing measures. With adopting empowering and supportive behavior and with creating opportunity for growth and professional development of nurses, managers can ensure their staff’s psychological Empowerment which can lead to the improvement of the quality of their provided care. Nursing instructors and teachers by instructing self-empowering methods can train efficient workforces who are resistant against workplace stress.

Introduction Human resource capacity is the most important factor in the survival of organizations such as hospitals which plays an important role in the return and maintenance of patients' physical and mental health,therefore, special attention to empowering people in hospitals is more important than any organization,therefore, the aim of this study is psychological Empowerment based on nurses' lived experiences. Material and Method The research was a qualitative approach and interpretive phenomenological method that aimed to discover the factors of psychological Empowerment based on the lived experiences of nurses. Participants in the study were 16 nurses of Mashhad Hospital who were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected according to in-depth, individual and semi-structured interviews and the interviews continued until the data were saturated. After the written implementation of the interview, the interviews were analyzed based on the hermeneutic approach. Results Analysis of data on psychological Empowerment of nurses showed that 439 codes and 4 secondary concepts, organizational culture, job characteristics, job role ambiguity and lack of job social support were obtained regarding organizational and job underlying factors. Regarding family predisposing factors, 279 codes and 5 secondary concepts of family characteristics, family role ambiguity, lack of family support, spouse and marriage demands, parental demands and family belonging were obtained. And individual / psychological underlying factors 357 codes and 5 secondary concepts of selfefficacy and skills, personal sensitivity, personal desires, work conscience, resilience self were identified. Conclusion Considering the importance of psychological Empowerment, it can be suggested that hospital managers pay more attention to increasing the level of nurses 'Empowerment indicators by identifying social processes that are effective in people's attitudes and creating an atmosphere that paves the way for nurses' Empowerment.

Background: Staff’s level of Empowerment plays a significant role in the success of hospitals as complex systems. Therefore, using effective leadership styles by head-nurses is necessary to create an ideal clinical environment to make the most from nurses’ abilities and potential capabilities.Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the relationship of nurses and head-nurses’ psychological Empowerment with head-nurses’ leadership style.Methods: This correlational study was conducted on nurses and head-nurses working in Valiasr (PBUH) hospital, Birjand, Iran, recruited through the census method. All participants held bachelor’s degree with a minimum work experience of two years. The data were collected by a demographic questionnaire, the leader behavior description questionnaire and the Spreitzer psychological Empowerment questionnaire. The questionnaires were given to the participants in different working shifts. Finally, thirteen head-nurses and 170 nurses completely filled their questionnaires. The SPSS software ver.16.0 was employed to analyze data through conducting the Fisher exact, the Spearman and the Mann-Whitney U test, in addition to the independent-samples T-test, at a significance level of 0.05.Results: All head-nurses were married and above 35 years old and 84.6% of them were female. Moreover, most of the nurses were female (75.9%) and married (82.4%) and aged 26 - 30 years. Most of head-nurses (69.2%) believed that they used the selling leadership style while most of the nurses (76.9%) noted that their head-nurses’ used the telling style. All these nurses and head-nurses had higher levels of Empowerment compared with other nurses.Conclusions: The study findings revealed that the nurses who were empowered had perceived their managers’ leadership style to be the telling style. This finding showed that managers’ leadership style was not congruent with staff’s level of Empowerment, denoting managers’ poor familiarity with leadership styles. Therefore, educating managers about leadership styles seems crucial to enhance staff’s Empowerment, working motivation and efficiency and promoting organizational dynamism.

Background & Aim: Individuals' perception of organizational justice is very important. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between organizational justice and psychological Empowerment of nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.Material & Methods: It was a descriptive- correlational study. The sample consisted of 155 nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences who were recruited by random stratified sampling during 2012. Data was collected by Niehooff and Moorman’s Organizational Justice questionnaire and Spreitzer’s Psychological Empowerment instrument and analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression using SPSS-PC (v.16).Results: A significant positive correlation was found between organizational justice and nurses’ psychological Empowerment (p=0.005). Also the results of multiple regression showed that interactional justice can explain %53 of the variance of Psychological Empowerment of nurses.Conclusion: Regarding the significant relationship between organizational justice and nurses’ psychological Empowerment, managers’ attention to organizational justice of healthcare system to improve the nurses’ psychological Empowerment is suggested.

Background & objectives: Nowadays, organizations are spending heavy cost for the lack of staffs commitment. Therefore, increasing the ability of organizations to provide the proper context, it will lead to benefits such as increased organizational commitment. Thus this study investigated the relationship between Empowerment and organizational commitment in nurses working in Taleghani and vali-e-asr hospitals of Abadan and Khorramshahr.Methods: This study was a descriptive and correlational study. Sampling was done with consensus method. The tools of data gathering consisted of demographic characteristics form, Spritzer Empowerment and Allen and Meyer s organizational commitment questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSSv.16 using linear regression test.Results: The mean and standard deviation of organizational Empowerment was 66.15±10.58, which was above average, and organizational commitment was 55.42±11.29 which lower than average. There was a significant relationship between Empowerment and organizational commitment (p<0.05).Conclusion: According to the positive relationship between Empowerment and organizational commitment, we recommend using encouraging ways to enhance the motivation and organizational commitment among nurses.