Identity is a reply to the question of humans "who" and "what", and it is a question and dilemma for human being in new era. Actually identity in its highest collective level, which is called "national identity", indicates similarities and differences between its holders; similarities with collective "we" s' and difference from "others". It is possible to say that, identity perturbation has a background as long as human history. In ever changing today' s' world, many thinkers drawn attention to identity question, and from different approaches measured its scopes. The present article, studies some scopes of Iranian national identity (included territorial, cultural and linguistic aspects) and explicates the present situation of Iranian national identity. Survey method with questionnaire technique applied in present study. By reference to special characteristic of Tehran city which is a sample of total country, the universe of this study contain 1700 person in this city. Findings indicate respondents shown high level of belongings to national society. Furthermore, the comparison of the level of belongings, commitment and awareness between three studied scopes, the lowest level observed in belongings to linguistic scope of national identity.

Objective: Hereditary hearing loss (HHL) is a very common disorder. When inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, it typically presents as an isolated finding. Interestingly and unexpectedly, in spite of extreme heterogeneity, mutations in one gene, GJB2, are the most common cause of congenital severe-to-profound deafness in many different populations. In this study, we assessed the contributions made by GJB2 mutations and deletion in a portion of GJB6 to the autosomal recessive non-syndromic deafness genetic load in Iran.Materials & Methods: In this descriptive and cross - sectional study1605 probands from 1605 different nuclear families with autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss were investigated. Hearing loss tests and clinical examination were done and 10 ml blood was drawn as DNA source. After study of 35delG mutation by ARMs PCR, negative or heterozygote individuals were sent to IOWA University for detection of other GJB2 mutations.Results: GJB2-related deafness was found in 243 families (15.1%).Conclusion: Varient geographic pattern for GJB2-related deafness has considerable results in Iran in comparable with other study in Europe and our neighboring countries and deletion in GJB6. [D (GJB6-D13S1830)] hasn't been detected in our studied population.

The current research is an exploration of the sociological analysis of stereotypical and prejudiced attitudes among Iranian ethnic groups. The study method is qualitative content analysis based on Grounded Theory. In-depth interviews through a semi-structured questionnaire held with eleven  people from Kurd, Lor, Turk and Fars tribes upto  theoretical saturation. Data analysis was done based on open coding and  content  analysis based on Strauss and Corbin's approach. The concepts  affecting  the formation of stereotypical and mediating attitudes about Iranian ethnic groups were categorized into three groups of contextual, interventional, and mediating, and a paradigm  model was extracted.  Emergence of stereotype and prejudice among ethnic groups are influenced by the following factors: feeling need  to  authority, creating or maintaining power against the hegemony of governments, competition between ethnic groups to gain power and dignity, conflict between intra-ethnic interests  against the interests of other ethnic groups, retention of belongings  to culture and ethnicity and gaining social identity through intra-group marriage. Among the minority ethnic groups, confronting the cultural and linguistic hegemony of the dominant ethnic group in the Capital, and among the Persian ethnic groups, maintaining the superiority and formality of the Persian language were identified as the causal conditions of stereotypical ideas and prejudices. Social systems, including formal and informal education, media, political and religious systems produce and reproduce stereotypes and prejudices in Iran.

All sources of the world are restricted and human being has unlimited needs. Tension among human beings in the form of personal and social is because of imbalance of their needs with these Gods gifts. In the research region including: head line of the Talesh mountains and the first steeps of these mountains slope, the inhabitants of the east and west foothills because of incorrect use of these sources have caused regional ethnic tension and struggles. Considering the increase of the ethnic differences in recent years, this research is studied the importance of environmental abilities that caused competition between ETHNICS and describe the relation of increase of social tensions, ethnic integrations and disintegrations and the laws which maximize these tensions. The way of research is study of existing bools and writtens with an analytic observation. The obtained results show that the unaware interference of government authorities, nationalization law of pastures, people who want to possess and decrease of lawful relation between ETHNICS, caused disintegration between the ETHNICS in the region. At the end the options to remove this disintegration are supposed.

This paper examines the concept of nation solidarity in Iran. According to policymaking view, solidarity is a set of procedures for increasing people’ s sense of belonging to their societies. In Iran, the ethnical diversity is considered very crucial. National solidarity has two important dimensions, the security and the coherence. This paper studies the important cultural variables of affections, national commitment, social interactions cooperation and collaboration, consensus in values, and political system. These variables were examined among two Iranian cities: Tabriz for Azeris and Gonbad Kavus for Turkmens. The research was conducted using a mix method with a sample of 384 people. Also in this research, there were examined the relationship between respondents national solidarity and ethnic tropism. Results showed that the National Solidarity and Ethnic Tropism are very intense between Azari and Turkman ETHNICS. Also, based on the results, trust in the political system had some weaknesses among Azeris and Turkmens ETHNICS.

Introduction and Research objectives: There were issues in Iran and according to Giddens and Fdratsvn global growth, increased ethnic identity. But the media also played a role and ethnic identity and national identity sometimes boost, so in this paper aims to study the possible role of national media for Iranian ethnic solidarity.Methods: In this paper a qualitative approach using Grounded Theory to study the possible role on the national media and have used Iranian ethnic's solidarity.Through purposive sampling and snowball method are interviewed whit 18 experts from the media and communication sciences from the Iranian people.Results: As the three stages of coding, the researcher came to the assumptions, there are assumptions about the necessary features: decentralized, legitimacy, confidence, understanding the audience.Conclusion: In conclusion, this study shows that the national media has the capacity to strengthen the solidarity of Iranian ethnic groups and can be obtained according to the findings and assumptions of Grounded Theory approach; it is the role of solidarity among the Iranian ETHNICS.

This research aims to critically study narratives that refer to avoiding association with certain ethnicities and races. This series of news is included in the Imᾱmῑ narrative heritage and has raised some challenges and questions. It is important to take the correct position on the issue and explain the Sharia approach objectively. This essay based on the descriptive-analytical method first extracts these narratives from the Imᾱmᾱ Hadith collections and then, after explaining them, analyzes them from two aspects: sanad and content. The research concludes that many of these narratives are poorly narrated in terms of sanad, including them among wᾱhid news. As for the content, presenting such narrations to the Qur'an, Sunnah, intellect, and morality, indicates the instability of their themes. The authors propose two methods for handling these narratives: 1) justifying and interpreting some of the news to provide an interpretation that is appropriate for the time and place, and 2) disregarding other parts of the news that contradict religious truths.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate allele frequency of 15 autosomal STR (short tandem repeat) loci for 50 unrelated healthy individual from Kurdish ethnic population of Kerman-shah province in Iran.Materials and Methods: Genetic profile prepared utilizing ABI AmpFl STR Identifiler TM kit. These 15 STR loci included D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, VWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818 and FGA.Results: There were no deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium except for two loci of D7s820 and D19s433. Based upon the allelic frequencies, several important forensic parameters were calculated including: power of discrimination (PD), polymorphic information content (PIC), power of exclusion (PE) and matching probability (MP(.Conclusion: This study confirmed that investigation of these loci for paternity population studies and handling of criminal cases could be used. We compared the allele frequency spectrum detected in this Kurdish population from Kermanshah with allele frequencies from 8 other datasets on three populations with Iranian origin, ie. Iranians in USA, Iranians in Dubai and Fars ethnic group and 5 neighboring populations from Azerbyjan Republic, Pakistan, Iraqi-Kurdistan, Iraq and Turkey. It was concluded that the population of present study had least similarity with Azerbyjani (12 loci) and most similarity with Turkish (15 loci) populations.