Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and Gross DOMESTIC Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

Although Jack Snyder is a defensive neo-realist, he has kept himself faithful to Waltz's structuralism; his big difference in this work is in his attention to the factors that were compared to the level of the international system and are placed at the reductionist levels. By combining the mentioned levels, the author presents a clearer picture of some countries' causes of war and unjustified expansionism. Among the structures mentioned in Snyder's work, we can mention the differences in the political systems of nation-states and the impact of these differences on their distinct foreign policy behaviors. The author searches for many roots of expansionist decisions in the psychological dimension and examines the possible causes of expansionist thinking in structural impositions, which, from his point of view, are not the primary cause in most cases. In the end, it is important to mention that the expansionist groups of a country often use these impositions to move towards unbridled expansionism with the use of propaganda techniques and exaggerating external risks to mobilize political resources.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of DOMESTIC and non-DOMESTIC violence (outside home) in Iran during 2015. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals aged 15 and older living in urban and rural areas of Iran. A total of 36, 600 people from 31 provinces of Iran were selected by systematic and cluster random sampling using the postal code available in the country’, s post office software. A researcher-made survey questionnaire was used for evaluating violence. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Results: A total of 23. 1% of individuals have admitted DOMESTIC violence towards their families in the last 12 months, and 8. 1% have admitted non-DOMESTIC violence in the past 30 days. The prevalence of DOMESTIC and non-DOMESTIC violence was higher among males than females and in urban areas than rural places. In addition, the highest prevalence rate of DOMESTIC violence in the last 12 months was related to Lorestan province. Tehran province had the highest prevalence rate of non-DOMESTIC violence during the last 30 days. However, the lowest prevalence rate of DOMESTIC and non-DOMESTIC violence was related to Qom province. Conclusions: Based on the results, the prevalence rate of 23. 1% of DOMESTIC violence and 8. 1% of non-DOMESTIC violence necessitates preventing and treating this social problem. Therefore, health authorities need to take necessary action to raise awareness and reduce the risk-taking behaviors of the population in Iran.