This paper presents noise analysis of a regenerative analog frequency divider at microwave C band frequency. Using harmonic balance and conversion matrix methods, by considering a simple noise model for active device, phase and amplitude noise spectrum densities for the frequency divider (without considering the noise of excitation signal) are calculated and simulated.

This paper proposes an idea to modify the conventional Wilkinson power dividers to have physically spaced output ports. The well-known internal resistor of Wilkinson power divider is now connected to output ports by two additional transmission lines to create a triangular shape power divider. Several modified power dividers are designed at frequency of 1.0 GHz and one of them is fabricated and measured. The measured results of the fabricated diplexer have very good agreement with the theoretical results.

One of the basic challenges in high-density integrated circuits is loss of power consumption, which is caused by presence of transistors in circuits and causes the temperature of the circuit to increase. The design of digital circuits in a reversible way can be used as one of efficient approaches to solve this challenge. In addition, the design of parity-preserving reversible circuits can be very effective in detecting faults in circuits. Dividers are used as one of the most widely used circuits in digital computing systems. Divider circuits include an adder, a multiplexer and two sequential register and parallel-in to parallel-out left shift register circuits. This paper is presented a new and efficient design of a parity-preserving reversible non-restoring divider. For this purpose, first, a parity-preserving reversible D-latch is proposed. second, a parity-preserving reversible n-bit register is presented using the proposed reversible D-latch. Third, a parity-preserving reversible (n+1) bit shift register using the proposed reversible D-latch and other reversible gates is proposed. Finally, a parity-preserving reversible n bit divider is developed based on the non-restoring algorithm. The results of comparisons show that the proposed circuit is superior in terms of evaluation criteria of reversible circuits such as quantum cost, number of constant inputs and number of garbage outputs compared to previous works.

Design and realization of a broadband H-plane Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) power divider with equal and unequal output powers is presented. The configuration of the proposed structure is based on the three equal width SIW lines. In proposed SIW power divider septum has been realized with a row of metalized vias. The inclusive input bandwidth in the proposed structures is achieved due to the proper septum design. The output powers are controlled with the septum offset. The parametric analysis shows that the magnitude of outputs could be adjusted with septum offset and the width of SIW could control the cutoff frequency. Power flow from input port toward output port confirm the proposed design concept. Two SIW H-plane power dividers with the same and different outputs have been designed and produced. There are good agreements between simulation and measurement results for both structures. The input impedance bandwidth for equal and unequal prototypes is 3. 4 GHz and 2 GHz respectively.

A new wideband Wilkinson Power Divider which use the nonuniform substrate integrated waveguide (NSIW) method is presented in this paper. This structure utilizes NSIWs instead of the uniform quarter wavelength SIWs in conventional Wilkinson power divider. The proposed structure is analyzed by odd and even mode analysis. The proper NSIW section widths can be extracted by using even mode while the divider resistances are achieved by odd mode analysis. Moreover using of half mode structure in the NSIW and two output ports reduces the overall size of the proposed divider. Finally a wideband Wilkinson power divider is designed and simulated to verify the proposed design method. A good return loss (S11, S22) and insertion loss (S21) across a very wideband width from 10 GHz to 20 GHz is achieved. Also, the isolation (S23) is better than -10 dB from 9.5 GHz to 21.5 GHz for the designed NSIW divider.

Differentiation of the two terms imagination and judgment is a main distinction in Islamic logic and Neo-Sadraean epistemology. Both disciplines believe that the divider of the two is "acquired knowledge". But, the concept of “judgment”, in epistemology, is not the same as the concept of "acquired knowledge" in Islamic philosophy. Differentiation of imagination and judgment is an ontological one, and Islamic philosophers consider acquired knowledge as an "epistemic being". In logic and epistemology "Judgment" is the same as "proposition", and is not an “epistemic being". “Judgment" is the origin of the two concepts: "representation" and "assertion". In logic, "Judgment" is "asserting the truth of a proposition", and in epistemology, it is the knowledge of realization or non- realization of something.

A reconfigurable compact small size multiband meander line power divider with low insertion loss using two varactor diodes is presented in this paper. Design methods along with analysis equations are provided. The reconfigurable responses are realized by tuning the controlling voltages of the two varactor diodes thereby resulting compact size and less loss. One diode is used to tune the return loss of the input port and the other diode is utilized to tune the return loss of the two output ports and the isolation between the two ports. The tuning frequency range is from 0.8 GHz to 1.2 GHz. By tuning the bias voltages of the diodes, power divider can operate in 0.8 GHz to 1.2 GHz frequency bands.  A reconfigurable power divider is designed, fabricated and measured to validate the proposed methods. The power divider has the merits of compactness, low insertion loss, good isolation between two output ports, good return loss, and only two varactor diodes.

This paper presents a filtering power divider (PD) /power combiner (PC) using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) -based 180o hybrid. The utilized 180o hybrid includes a standard H-plane 3-dB coupler and a broadband 90o phase shifter. The phase shifter is composed of non-radiating longitudinal slots patterned on the top conducting surface of the SIW. We have added the filtering property to the structure by an array of dissimilar transverse slots. The slots dimensions are obtained by the extracted external quality factor, coupling coefficient and the relationship between them and the slots dimensions. The proposed structure is designed for 8.2 GHz and investigated by ADS simulator. The results show the fractional bandwidth of the sum and difference ports are 13.7% and 14.93%, respectively. For sum operation, the minimum insertion loss is 3.78 dB and the return loss is above 25 dB in the passband. For difference operation, the minimum insertion loss is 3.81 dB and the return loss is above 26 dB in the passband.

In this paper an ultra-wideband power divider has been designed, simulated and fabricated. In this structure, the quarterwave transformer in the conventional Wilkinson power divider, is replaced by an exponentially tapered microstrip line. Since the tapered line provides a consistent impedance transformation across all frequencies, very low amplitude ripple of 0. 5dB peak-to-peak in the transmission coefficient and superior input return loss better than 15dB are achieved over an ultra-wide bandwidth. By optimizing the physical locations of the two additional standard resistors added along the tapered line, the output return loss and isolation are improved. The simulation results achieved by full wave analysis based on Finite Element Method (FEM) and the measured results confirm the good performance of the proposed circuit. The return loss of the output ports is better than 15dB and the isolation between the output ports is better than 20dB across the band 6-16GHz. Finally a comparison between ultra-wideband power dividers is provided. It is clear that the proposed divider in terms of the aforementioned important features, has a good performance related to the other ultra-wideband power dividers.

Restoring and non-restoring divider has become widely applicability in the era of digital computing application due to its computation speed. In this paper, we have proposed the design of divider of different architecture for the computation of Vedic sutra based. The design of divider in the Vedic mode results in high computation throughput due to its replica architecture, where latency is minimized in each of the replica stages. The proposed novel divider based symmetric key crypto-hardware architecture for lightweight embedded devices and the results obtained for this architecture by the analysis using the QCA Designer tool. For the physical environment in QCA computing paradigm are achieved through optimization the architecture of cell by using the robust design computing architecture. For the extended perspective of lower divider to higher divider and to synthesize, target outcomes by using efficient architecture.