Correlations between plasticity index (LL, PL ,PI), Compaction effort and Compaction characteristics (ωopt,γdmax) are of most importance in soil mechanics. Clays with different plastic properties are collected from different regions in Azarbaijan and Gorgan. These soils have been compacted with different Compaction methods (Standard Proctor, Modified Proctor and Reduced Compaction). Then changes in the Compaction characteristics due to variation of plastic properties and Compaction effort have been investigated. Man made clayey soils are produced from the natural collected soils. These soils had constant fine grain percent ages. The effect of fine grains on Compaction characteristics has been studied in these samples. In this research it has been concluded that increasing of Compaction effort has different effects on improving of maximum dry density. Soils with high PI are more affected with Compaction effort than low PI clays. Compaction curves shape showed that in clays with high PI the concaveness of the Compaction curve is low and their sensitivity to water content variation are less than those of high PI clays.

Isolated ventricular non-Compaction is a rare congenital cardiomyopathy, manifested morphologically as prominent myocardial trabeculations and deep recesses that communicate with the ventricular cavity. Heart failure is the most common presenting condition. This report is illustrative of isolated ventricular non-Compaction in a 51-year-old male. The diagnosis was made when he presented with congestive heart failure.

Introduction: Root canal obturation seals the root canal system to prevent re-entry and/or growth of microorganisms. The provision of an appropriate restoration to coronally seal the access cavity affects the success of endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the coronal microbial leakage in root canals that were either filled by lateral Compaction, GuttaFlow or warm vertical Compaction.aterials and Methods: In this ex vivo study, 80 single-rooted human extracted teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n=20) and two positive and negative control groups (n=10). The teeth in experimental groups were obturated with cold lateral Compaction, GuttaFlow system or warm vertical Compaction techniques. After sterilization of the whole system with gamma-ray, saliva leakage was tested using a split-chamber model.Specimens were monitored every 24 hours for 30 days. The data were analyzed using log-rank and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis tests.Results: There were no significant differences in impeding saliva leakage between the three experimental groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: Under the conditions of this ex vivo study, it can be concluded that the sealing ability of cold lateral Compaction, warm vertical Compaction and GuttaFlow system was comparable.

Introduction: Proper apical seal and obturation density are essential to long-term success of root canal  therapy (RCT). The apical seal and density of lateral Compaction techniques using stainless-steel and nickel-titanium spreaders and vertical Compaction with BeeFill device were compared in this in vitro study.Materials and Methods: A total of 66 extracted maxillary central incisors were instrumented. The volume of each canal was determined after preparation. The weight of each root was measured before and after obturation. Lateral Compaction technique was performed using stainless-steel (groups a) and nickel-titanium spreaders (groups b), filled with AH26 sealer (groups 1a and 1b) and without sealer (groups 2a and 2b). Canals in vertical Compaction technique (groups c) were filled with (group 1c) and without (group 2c) sealer using Beefill system. Density was determined as the ratio of weight/volume. Sealing ability was evaluated using dye penetration method. Data was analyzed with ANOVA and T-test.Results: T-test results showed a significant difference between groups which were filled with/without sealer for their apical sealing ability (P<0.001), however there was no significant difference in obturation density (P=0.397). ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference in apical sealing ability among the different experimental groups (P<0.001), while there was no significant difference in density (P=0.456) of obturation. The mean dye leakage for groups using sealer was significantly different to those obturated without sealer. The sealingability of obturation techniques using sealers were significantly more than those without sealers. Conclusion: Under the condition of this in vitro study, density and apical sealing ability of these three obturation methods had no difference. However, the quality of apical seal has improved using AH26 sealer.

Nowadays construction of engineering and sanitary solid waste landfills is one of the most important necessities of urban societies. To reduce waste volume, Compaction should be employed to reach the maximum productivity of landfill. The presented paper describes a practical research done in this field. research includes study of waste moisture content and Compaction tests in laboratory and in situ Compaction by a bulldozer.Trend of moisture content reduction versus time and method of reaching optimum Compaction in laboratory and in situ, are presented as the results of the paper.

In this paper, physical modeling tests are conducted to study some aspects of the dynamic Compaction method. The loose models are prepared with dry sand. Four cylindrical tampers with different weight and cross section areas are used for Compaction of the models and dropped from various heights. Strain gage type total stress measuring sensors are placed at different levels inside the model to measure the transferred vertical stresses due to collision of the tamper with the surface of the models. The typical stress time histories are presented. Improvement depth and crater depth and diameter created on the model surface are studied, among the various parameters affecting the phenomena. Using the results of the tests, a relation is proposed for the improvement depth which has good agreement with the measured site results.    

A study has been made of the Compaction properties of two experimental starches, namely yam starch obtained from Dioscorea rotundata and rice starch obtained from Oryza sativa and the mechanical properties of their tablets, in comparison with those of official corn starch. The influences of the physical and geometric properties of the starch particles on the compression properties of the starches were determined. Further analysis of the Compaction properties was done using density measurements, and the Heckel and Kawakita equations. The mean particle diameter and the shape factor of the starches were directly related to the loose initial density (Do) and rearrangement at low pressures (DA) characteristics of the starches, but inversely related to the rearrangement of the particles in the early stages of compression (DB). The packed initial relative density (DI) was also directly related to the particle diameter and shape factor. The three starches deform mainly by plastic flow. The values of the mean yield pressures, which are inversely related to the onset of plastic deformation in the starches were in the rank order rice>corn>yam. Another pressure term, inversely related to the amount of plastic deformation during compression, was in the rank order yam>corn>rice. The ranking of the values of both the tensile strength and brittle fracture index of tablets made from the starches was rice>corn>yam, indicating that rice starch tablets exhibited the highest bond strength and brittleness while yam starch exhibited the lowest values. The Compaction properties of the experimental starches as characterized compared well with those of official corn starch. The results obtained showed that in tablet formulations, yam starch would be more useful in minimizing the problems of lamination and capping while rice starch would be more useful when high bond strength of the tablet is desired. Thus, yam and rice starches could be useful in formulations to produce tablets with desired mechanical properties for particular purposes.