In order to introduce drought tolerance indices on 48 accessions of Aegilops cylindrica an experimental augmented design based on a randomized complete block design with 4 replications was conducted under non-stress and drought stress conditions at Agricultural Research Station of Ilam University. Combined analysis showed variation among the genotypes and also showed different responses of genotypes in stress and non-stress conditions. Based on the results of simple correlation analysis between the indices and biological yields of populations, Arithmetic Mean Productivity, Geometric Mean Productivity, Harmonic Mean Productivity and Tolerance Index showed strong correlation with biological yield in both stress and non-stress conditions and were efficient in screening populations. Principal components analysis showed that the first and second components were able to explain 91.49% of the variation. The first component, explaining 61.26 % of variation, confirmed the efficiency of mentioned indices for screening tolerant populations. Accordingly, with respect to the distribution of populations in biplot made by the first and second components, populations 9, 24, 34, 43, 42, 35, 45, 47, 48, 23, 18, 3, 26 and 4 had the highest performance in both normal and drought stress conditions and based on Arithmetic Mean Productivity, Geometric Mean Productivity, Harmonic Mean Productivity and Tolerance indices had a good tolerance to drought stress. Populations 14, 36, 10, 32, 17, 20, 12, 15, 46, 40, 11 and 37 had good performance in normal conditions. Populations 25, 41, 33, 5, 6, 2, 7, 44, 1 and 8 had optimum performance in drought stress. Populations 13, 16, 19, 21, 22, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 38 and 39 had week performance in both normal and drought stress conditions. Cluster analysis was relatively confirmed by principle components analysis. Populations 34, 24, 43 and 9 were introduced as tolerant populations with high biological yield in both normal and drought stress conditions at Ilam province climates.

Curls and curves of a shell interweave its various strain modes and link them together. This interactional behavior has yet frustrated all attempts for the construction of shell templates, which needs for an individual element test in traditional approaches. Such a test fails to work for shell elements and must be reconstructed. In this paper, it is tried to study shell interactional behavior and strain entanglements via a microscopic investigation. This new view to the shell behavior reveals a simple method, in which shell templates are constructed by partitioning the stiffness matrix of a sample shell element into its components. Surly, sample elements have been qualified for their convergence in practice. The method is examined for axisymmetric CYLINDRICAL shell element.

CYLINDRICAL and semi-CYLINDRICAL weirs are used in water distribution systems for flow measurement in open channels and for control of water surface. Review of literature shows that CYLINDRICAL and semi-CYLINDRICAL weirs are not widely used in practice. Because of their low construction cost and simplicity, an investigation was done to study CYLINDRICAL and semi-CYLINDRICAL weirs in terms of their hydraulic characteristics such as discharge coefficient, energy loss and flow depth over the spillway crest. The research was done for 128 models in the hydraulic laboratory of water engineering department, Shiraz University. According to the results, due to flow separation from body of the weirs, flow coefficient increases in the CYLINDRICAL and semi CYLINDRICAL weirs by 57%. It was found that discharge coefficient increases by increasing the total head of upstream. Therefore, construction of CYLINDRICAL and semi-CYLINDRICAL weirs and side weir is recommended due to reduction in weir length, increased hydraulic efficiency, and reduced administrative costs compared to other wide edge side weirs.

Study of flow characteristics over CYLINDRICAL weirs is very important in design and application of such structures due to high curvature in their streamlines. In this research, flow conditions for CYLINDRICAL weirs and the effects of some factors like diameter of the weir, hydraulic head and downstream depth on the discharge coefficient for developing of its equation by experimental approaches were investigated. The tests were performed on the weirs with different diameters and flow rates. The results of tests showed that the discharge coefficient of CYLINDRICAL weirs is greater than the other broad-crested one's. It increases in a power relationship with increasing the ratio of total head in upstream to the diameter of the weir. Also the submergence threshold with 0.5 to 20 liters/second flow rates is 0.7-0.89.      

Sluice gates are widely used for water level control and flow measurement in open channels. The sharp edge of sluice gates causes low contraction coefficient (Cc) and limited flow rate capacity. Here, the performance of a new sluice gate which is consisted of a sharp-edged sluice gate and a drum gate (a sluice gate with a CYLINDRICAL end) is experimentally evaluated. Since the streamline leaves the gate more smoothly, Cc is considerably increased. i.e., from 0.6 in sharp edged gates reached to 1.0 in CYLINDRICAL-edged gates. Moreover for a given upstream depth, this gate was less likely to become submerged compared to an equivalent sharp edged sluice gate. For upstream water depth of gate to opening of gate (H0/W) in range 4-18, tailwater depth to opening of gate (yt/W) increased up to 22 percent for drum diameter of 63, 90, 125 and 200 mm. This feature obviates the need to increase the free board height in the upstream channel and refrains from upstream overflow whenever unexpected downstream tail water rise occurs. Moreover, distinguishing condition curves for these gates were obtained.

Combined structure of weir and gate is utilized extensively in hydraulic engineering because of advantages than using each separately, such as passing the floated (ice, wood etc) and settlement of materials together at the same time. CYLINDRICAL weir-gate is one of these structures that has features such as being economical, simple design, ease of construction and high discharge coefficient. Effects of hydraulics and geometric parameters of CYLINDRICAL and semi CYLINDRICAL (two conditions: curvature in upstream side and curvature in downstream side) weir-gate on discharge coefficient are investigated in this article. The tests were done in a laboratory 6 meters length and 75 mm wide flume and used CYLINDRICAL and semi CYLINDRICAL pipes with 40, 50, 60, 70 and 85 mm diameters. The results show increase in ratio of upstream depth to gate opening (H/a) and to pipe diameter (H/D) cause growing discharge coefficient. Also with a constant H/D, the flow coefficient for CYLINDRICAL weir-gate is close to its value for semi CYLINDRICAL weir-gate with curvature in upstream side and is about 12 percent more than semi CYLINDRICAL with curvature in downstream side. For each three modes in the range of experiments the discharge coefficient varies between 38-96 percent.

In archaeological finds, seals are generally considered as one of the most important data bearing important economic, political and even artistic information of relevant time periods. Moreover, the iconography of seals plays an informative role to explore the main characteristics of seals or sealing in order to better understand the social, economic or even the administrative contexts of the societies to which they belonged to. Different styles in the different space and times are known in terms of pictography that can help researchers understand the characteristics of a time period better in the absence of sufficient information. The ancient city of Susa with a rich collection of seals related to different historical-cultural periods is one of the most important ancient sites in Iran which have been used as clues to decipher or interpret that can guide researchers in the stylistics and iconology of seals from its neighboring areas. The CYLINDRICAL seal No. 1841 has been registered in the catalogue of the National Museum of Iran with an “unknown” location. The similarity of the image engraved on this seal to those found on seals obtained from Susa was the reason the author came up with this article in order to introducethe seal and specify iconography and stylistics and finally its date and origin with a comparative study. The present study tries to answer the research questions: “What style and time period can be considered for the iconography of the CYLINDRICAL seal in the National Museum?” and “Is it possible to prove that it belongs to the city of Susa according to the iconography of the image of the relevant seal?” Studies that have been conducted with the comparative method and with the approach of the image analysis, the IVA style of Susa is considered for it leading to the conclusion that this seal probably belonged to Susa itself.

Shell structures have various applications in Civil and Mechanical engineering. Shells, like other types of structure, are subject to damage and deterioration, such as development and propagation of cracks. In this research, the effect of a full penetration non - propagating macro crack, with various parameters, on natural vibration frequencies and mode shapes, is investigated. For this purpose, 400 cracked shell models have been created. These shells are grouped into CYLINDRICAL panels and full CYLINDRICAL shells and the effect of various parameters, such as crack length, crack orientation, thickness, poison ratio, shell height and panel's central angle, on the vibration frequencies and mode shapes of the shells, has been investigated.