The response surface methodology was employed to optimize the effects of pH, temperature (oC), time (min) and the ratio of enzyme to substrate (% of substrate) on the hydrolysis process of CUTTLEFISH muscle by alcalase. Central composite rotatable design with 5 levels and 4 factors and a=2 was used for the optimization of the process to gain the highest degree of hydrolysis. pH, temperature, time, enzyme concentration, interaction of temperature-enzyme concentration, square of pH, temperature, time and enzyme concentration had significant effects on the process. The R2=0.95, lack of fit<0.05 and adeq-Precision of 14.16 for the model showed that the model could explain the variability within the range of values. The optimum condition for 42.0117 % of degree of hydrolysis was determined by Design Expert as pH 8.19, temperature 50.23, time 129.62 and enzyme2.15%.

Indonesia is an archipelagic country with two continents and an ocean, where it produces abundant marine products and the second largest marine source in the world, such as CUTTLEFISH. Besides, it was for food, CUTTLEFISH also produced shells as waste. Actually, this waste has been used for animal feed but in small scale. Others are still waste and cause pollution if not handled properly. CUTTLEFISH shell waste (CSW) is the basic ingredient for making hydroxyapatite (HA), while it was the main bone compound. Meanwhile, HA demand in the market is very high due to bone defects. The novelty of the research was to fulfil the increasing need for HA at low price and prevent air, water, and soil pollution by using circular economic principles (reused), and it has economic value. Synthesis HA was used microwave hydrothermal method. The CSW and coral were obtained from the pet market in Yogyakarta. They were crushed and calcined to the temperature of 900oC to obtain calcium oxide (CaO). Then, CaO was synthesized by microwave hydrothermal to obtain HA powder. Synthetic HA was characterized by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The Ca/P ratio of HA CSW and coral are 1.7 and 1.87, respectively. Moreover, coral HA has higher crystallinity than CSW (48%). The TGA shows that the highest weight loss occurred in HA CSW (16.57%). The conclusion is that both CSW and coral are raw materials used to produce HA.

In this research, the removal of Reactive Red 198 dye (RR-198) by CUTTLEFISH bone powder was investigated. The adsorbent was prepared in laboratory conditions and grinded by ASTM standard sieves (60-100 mesh). The progress of process is monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance of dye at 518 nm wavelength. In addition the effects of process parameters such as adsorbent dose, pH, initial dye concentration, and contact time have been investigated. The SEM micrographs and the XRD pattern showed that the CUTTLEFISH bone has the clearly seen pores on its surface and a crystallized form. According to the results, by increasing adsorbent dose and retention time, dye removal efficiency was increased considerably. The adsorption isotherm for initial dye concentration (50 mg/L) was in good concordance with the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption of RR198 dye was complied with pseudo-second-order kinetic.

Shellfish is defined as any edible marine invertebrate and refers to crustaceans and mollusks. Crustaceans belong to the phylum Arthropods. Mollusks belong to the phylum Mollusca. This report illustrates a rare case of a 6-year-old girl with challenge-proven acute food protein–, induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) to CUTTLEFISH (phylum Mollusca, class Cephalopoda), anaphylaxis to crustaceans (phylum Arthropoda), and tolerance to other mollusks, including clams and mussels (phylum Mollusca, class Bivalvia). The association of IgE-mediated food allergy and acute FPIES seen in this case is rare. To our knowledge, this is the first case of FPIES to CUTTLEFISH reported in a child. This challenge highlights the need for further research into the allergens and mechanisms underpinning FPIES at a molecular level, enabling a better understanding of cross-reactivity patterns and the development of diagnostic and predictive tests to assist in clinical practice.

Wastewaters produced from various industries and their entry into surface water is one of the most important environmental problems that have harmful effects on aquatic life. Discharging phosphate from urban and industrial wastewater to the aquatic environment causes a lot of algae growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using sepia endoskeleton (cuttlebone) powder as a natural biomass, cheap and non-toxic absorbent. This study was conducted in a batch system. Sepia endoskeleton was washed with distilled water. It was then dried at 80 ° C and thoroughly powdered by milling. Physical and chemical properties of the adsorbent were determined using the Particle Sizer, atomic force microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence. The effects of variables affecting phosphate uptake, such as pH, adsorbent amount, contact time, initial concentration of phosphate and stirring rate were optimized. Also, the isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Tamkin and Dubbin-Radshkvich) and first-order and second-order kinetics models were used to evaluate the data. The results showed that the highest removal percentage was observed at pH 5, adsorbent content of 5 g/L and contact time of 10 min at initial phosphate concentration of 10 mg/L. Using sepia powder under optimal laboratory conditions, the phosphate ion with the concentration of 10 mg/L was removed with a yield of over 99%. The results indicated that the Freundlich isotherm model gives a better description than other models showing the adsorption of phosphate ions occurs in a heterogeneous surface. Using Langmuir model, the maximum absorption capacity for phosphate was 68. 02 mg/g. The kinetic model of phosphate removal followed the pseudo-second-order model. Besides, the percentage of removal of the real samples was over 98%, indicating the great ability of this natural and inexpensive absorbent to remove this pollutant from the water solutions.

Growth of Sepia pharaonis was studied in modified cultural system. 3700 eggs were collected from Hormozgan province shores and studied by means of length frequencies and emberyonic growth. The minimum and maximum size of eggs were 7 and 19mm, respectively. 35 to 420 eggs were counted in each collected grapes. Eggs with large yolk vesicle were hatched within 24-27 days. Eggs with small emberyoes were hatched in 15-17 days and the eggs with large emberyoes were hatched in 9-12 days. The length and weight of youngs after 70 days were 42.0±2.0 (mm) and 9.7±l.2 (g), respectively. Culturing and releasing of Sepia pharaonis youngs after 21 days of rearing were recommended.