Background and Objective: Road accidents are among the major problems of transportation in Iran. There are four factors involved in road accidents, including the human, road, vehicle, and environment. Among these, human (driver) error has an important role in 70-90% of the accidents. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify and examine driver's errors using the Cognitive Reliability Error Analysis Method (CREAM). Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to examine a specific scenario involving driving tasks. First, driving tasks for the scenario were analyzed using the Hierarchical Task Analysis. Then, using the primary and broad CREAM techniques, possible driver controls and cognitive errors were determined for the tasks. Results: Based on the obtained results of the scenario using the primary CREAM technique, nine diver tasks were determined, including wearing a seat-belt, controlling the indicators, acceleration changing, direction changing, adjusting the distance, stopping the car, turning off the car, unbuckling the seat belt, and the light type of tactical control. Then, using the broad CREAM technique, the error levels of execution, observation, and interpretation were reported as 71. 87%, 18. 75%, and 9. 38%, respectively. Conclusion: In the present study, four items were identified regarding the performance-reducing conditions using the primary CREAM technique. In this regard, the factor of working conditions with one case and performing two or more tasks simultaneously with three cases were introduced as the most effective performance-reducing factors that can decrease the risk of driver's errors through their reduction. Moreover, 32 driver's errors were identified according to the broad CREAM technique. Based on the results, the most common cognitive errors included execution and observation errors. With regard to the proposed controls, the risk of human errors can be reduced for the analyzed subtasks.

Aims: Considering the dangers of de-mining operations and the wide area of minefields left from war in Iran, this study has been conducted in order to identify, to assess and to manage human errors among demining personnel, in a demining workshop in war zones at the west side of this country.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015, using the potentials of the CREAM technique, in four main steps. These steps included: task analysis, assessment of working conditions affecting the tasks, determining controlling approaches and estimating the probability of total cognitive error. The linear regression model indicated that working conditions was significantly correlated with the possibility of the total error.Results: The results of this study show that demining operation is composed of 18 tasks. The maximum and minimum probability of total cognitive error was related to the tasks of the technical exploration group by 0.0099 and the digging group by 0.0031.The most effective factors in performance reduction included: working conditions, available time and the coordination of human and machine systems. Among the nine working condition factors which can affect performance, six of them had a significant level and their P-Values were less than 0.05.Conclusion: It can be concluded the possibility of human error in demining operations can be declined, by reducing the performance reduction factors through coordinating the available time, working conditions, human and machine systems and on the other hand, by increasing improvement factors by enhancing cooperation and interaction in activities which must be performed with the cooperation of two or more people.

Introduction: Episiotomy is the most common surgery in midwifery that like any other wound, can cause infection or delayed healing. Olive oil and honey have antimicrobial and wound healing properties, so the present study was performed aimed to compare the effect of honey and olive oil on the rate of episiotomy in postpartum women. Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was performed on 165 postpartum women in Besat Hospital of Sanandaj in 2019. Samples were randomly assigned to three groups: olive oil CREAM, honey CREAM and placebo CREAM. To collect data, a questionnaire of demographic and midwifery characteristics and the form of complications caused by CREAMs and Reeda wound healing scale were used. The intervention was performed as using honey CREAM, olive oil CREAM and placebo CREAM every 12 hours for 10 days at the episiotomy site. Evaluation of Rida index was performed in the first 12 hours after delivery, before the intervention and on the 5th and 10th days after delivery. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and analysis of variance, univariate covariance, Chi-square, and Post-Hoc. P <0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Demographic and obstetric characteristics were the same in the three groups (p> 0. 05). The mean of Reeda index on the 5th and 10th day after delivery had significant difference among the three groups (P<0. 05) and decrease of Reeda index in the honey group was more than olive oil (P = 0. 008). Conclusion: The use of honey CREAM to repair episiotomy reduces infection and accelerates wound healing.

To determine the effect of Zataria multiflora vaginal CREAM in signs & symptoms of Candida vaginits. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was performed comparing one applicator of Zataria multiflora vaginal CREAM with one applicator of Clotrimazole vaginal CREAM at night for a week. 61 women with candida vaginitis were enrolled. 30 of 62 women treated with Zataria multiflora vaginal CREAM and 31 of 62 women with Clotrimazole vaginal CREAM. Zataria multiflora vaginal CREAM Significantly reduced all symptoms except vaginal irritation & burning (P<0.05). The effects of Zataria multiflora vaginal CREAM on gynecologic signs was superior to Clotrimazole vaginal CREAM. According to results of vaginal discharge microscopic Study; there was no significant difference between two CREAM. (P>0.05). No difference in efficacy of two CREAM was noted, according to overall assessment by the clinicians. (P=0.071). There was no significant adverse reactions in 2 groups. A 7-day regimen of Zataria multiflora given as intravaginal CREAM was more effective than a 7-day regimen of Clotrimazole vaginal CREAM for treatment of Candida vaginits.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Terbinfine a member of allylamines group is a new class of antimycotic agents that blocks sterol biosynthesis in the fungi through inhibition of sequlene epoxidase and with consequent sequalene accumulation due to a primarily fungicidal process. Terbinafine is very effective on various fungi as an oral and topical antifungal agent. The aim of this study was to compare the antifungal efficacy of terbinafine 1% CREAM with clotrimazole 1% in patients with pityriasis versicolor. METHODS: This clinical trial study was performed on 50 patients (30 males and 20 females) with mean age of 20 years (aged between 15-55 years) who randomly treated with terbinafine and clotrimazole for 4 weeks. The efficacy of drug and improving process evaluated mycologically and clinically before starting the study and at the end of each week. A patient was considered mycologically cured when direct microscopy was negative and clinically cured when all clinical parameters were considered negative. FINDINGS: Negativizations of all clinical parameters were observed within 2 weeks in 60% of terbinofine and 35% clotrimazole recipients. At the end of four weeks, disappear of lesions were seen in 90% and 80%, respectively (p<0.05). The percentage of negativization of direct microscopy in terbinafine group was 1.4 fold higher than that clotrimazole group after 2 weeks of treatment. At the end of therapy, 95% of terbinafine and 90% of clotrimazole treated subjects were clinically cured (p>0.05). Both drug eruptions and intolerance in two treated groups were similar. CONCLUSION: Although the efficacy of the both drugs is similar, but considering the expense of therapy, clotrimazole is preferred regimen for therapy of tinea versicolor.