COSMOLOGY, defined as the understanding of the real nature of the universe, is one of the most important philosophical topics. In spite of the fact that a lot of researchers have not considered Naser Khosro as a philosopher, his works are full of ideas and assumptions which refer to the why of the universe and his interpretation of creation and resurrection.....

We show that many independent scenarios as the ‘accelerated expansion of the universe’, ‘eternal inflation’, ‘eternally oscillating universe’, ‘nonsingular oscillating universe’, and ‘collapse of an oscillating universe’ may occur without modifying the gravity theory or introducing scalar fields of any type. This is achieved by replacing the standard Lagrangian in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker spacetime model by an exponentially nonstandard Lagrangian which modify the Euler-Lagrange equation although the standard variational approach is used.

Sanaee Gaznavi is a poet whose cosmological views, philosophical and mystical wisdom have made him compose poetry about the creation of universe. It is evident that his COSMOLOGY helps us understand his religious, social, and poetic thoughts. This paper has focused on Sanaee’s views and school of thought and reviewed the theological ideas of Zoroast, Mani, Mazdak, Aristotel, Plato, and intellectual vision of Avicenna, Farabi, and Nasserkhosrow. Moreover, the ideology of Sanaee is described and compared with other views and thoughts.

Farabi's COSMOLOGY is one of the dimensions of Farabi's philosophy that reflects his worldview. Farabi was the first Islamic philosopher to formulate a coherent theory of the universe, which became the model and basis for philosophical COSMOLOGY in the tradition of Islamic philosophy. Farabi's COSMOLOGY is a mixture of two Greek heritages, both philosophical and scientific, and the other is the heritage of the emerging Islamic civilization, which has been accompanied by his own innovation and initiative. By accepting the theory of issuance, Farabi rejected Aristotle's essentialist view of COSMOLOGY and, with an ontological approach, drew his own COSMOLOGY. Farabi's COSMOLOGY is a paradigm and pattern-oriented system whose origin is known and can be drawn based on the original origin of the destination, unlike the Aristotelian system which is an exploratory system and beings are discovered in the stages of research and reflection. In Farabi's COSMOLOGY, implications such as theism, system-orientation, humanism, ontological precedence over epistemology, and causal relationship can be traced. Given that no independent work has been done in the field; the present article tries to describe Farabi COSMOLOGY based on Farabi's origin, principles, innovations and initiatives, and then states the implications of Farabi COSMOLOGY.

big Bang theory is a theory in cosrnology from which scientistic deists have inferred theistic conclusions. The author examines the above-mentioned theory and the rival theories and tries t8 explicate the influence of this theory on the theological -arguments.Presupposing that one should avoid drawing theological conclusions from the scientific theories, the author holds that the flash-like progresses in the two sciences of physics and COSMOLOGY in the 20th century have enforced the spiritual attitude to the world, so that this century has been a successful period in iespect of connection between the religious propositions and the scientific ones.

The modern COSMOLOGY is based on the observational evidences, but several philosophical principles and metaphysical prejudices play an undeniable role in it. This paper surveys some important attitudes such as causality, prediction, determinism etc. in the general relativity and COSMOLOGY. The general relativity is a deterministic theory (apart from the singularities) and is applied in prediction of the universe large- scale evolution. However, the acceleration of the universe, noticed at the end of last century, leads to a revolutionary view in the prediction in the COSMOLOGY. Subsequently, because of the unknown nature of the acceleration driver, there is an unavoidable uncertainty in this prediction. It is asserted in this article that the cosmologists' unscientific assumptions, veiled in their scientific claims, affect strictly on their outcomes.

Many scholars and researchers have studied about the importance and status of woman in the mystical system of Ibn Arabi so far. Many of them claim that ibn Arabi considers the femininity as the fixed and permanent determination of gender. But studying Ibn Arabi's works, notably al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya and Fusus al-hikam, shows that Ibn Arabi doesn’t look at femininity only as a form and determination of femininity in contrast to masculinity, but employs it widely to explain his mystical understanding of God, universe, and human to the extent that he considers the Divine essence and some of His attributes, like power and will, to be feminine, and sometimes give it superior position in comparison to masculinity. This study shows that femininity is used in Ibn Arabi's mystical ontology in the meanings of passivity, receptivity, and motherhood. Each usage manifests an aspect of various aspects of the being. Femininity is so woven in the warp and woof of the mystical ontology of Ibn Arabi that without it, his system of thought seems to lack the necessary coherence. This understanding is also possible that Ibn Arabi deems the gender to be a relative affair and maintains that the beings have both aspects of femininity and masculinity which in different situations they display one of these aspects of gernder.

Mir Damad and Mullah Sadra were two leading figures in the realm of Islamic philosophical thought, the former from Astarabad (later name Gorgan) and the latter from Shiraz. They met each other at Isfahan. Each of them had his own profound thoughts in resolving Islamic philosophical debates. The present article deals with some of their thoughts and viewpoints on COSMOLOGY. The topics dealt with in this paper are as follows: originality of existence, the essential movement, the eternal movement of the universe, the temporal advent of the universe, or the temporal advent without its point of origin in time, and the relation of caused and the eternal.      

In this work, we study the anisotropic inflationary models. In these models, an abelian gauge field non-minimally coupled to the inflaton field plays a role in the inflation dynamicIn a gauge field, the backgroundanswer is anisotropic, in the form of metric Bianchi. In order for the model to be consistent with the observations, the level of anisotropy should be small. The anisotropy power spectrum is obtained by calculating cosmological perturbation using  N formalism. We show that the criticism levelled in [4] does not apply and we can repeat the calculations in the nonabsorbence by calculating the anisotropy spectrum. Using the constraint on the quadrupole anisotopy, we show that the contribution of the gauge field to total energy density should be very small