The Rohingya people are the native inhabitants of Arakan (Rakhine) land in Myanmar, who have faced a series of CRIMES by the Myanmar army and government. Based on the norms and regulations of international and customary international law and the principles of international criminal law and considering the incidents that occurred against the religious minority group of Rohingya Muslims, the continuous violation of human rights and the occurrence of the crime of genocide by the Myanmar government are a matter of fact. There are numerous examples of deliberate actions, which prove the governmental steps to eliminate the Rohingya group, and deliberate measures, which cause the international responsibility of the Myanmar government. Iran has raised three specific positions regarding the Rohingya Muslim crisis.The major question of the research is to evaluate the occurrence or non-occurrence of violations of international criminal law, the CRIMES of genocide, and CRIMES against humanity by the Myanmar army and government against the Muslim minority in Rakhine state.The hypothesis emphasizes the definite occurrence of violations of humanitarian law and international criminal law, especially committing CRIMES of genocide and CRIMES against humanity. The purpose of the research is to examine one of the important cases of violation of Muslim rights in today's world, which has not been noticed by international legal societies. It tries to discuss briefly the Iranian positions on the Issue. The analytical-descriptive research method is based on official docs and undeniable facts, especially the documents issued by the International Criminal Court.

Adolescents take risky behaviors from early through middle of the per-iod which significantly drops by the late adolescence. A random selected sample of 1204 students completed Risk-taking Scale measuring 7 risky behaviors such as violation, smoking, drug use, alcohol drinking, and sexual relations. In addition, School Con-nection Questionnaire and FACES-III were used.Results indicated that perceived fa-mily cohesion was correlated with decreased risky behaviors, and perc-eived family adaptability in boys was significantly associated with increased violence and substance use. Those adolescentswho perceived their par-ents as authoritative had a lower risk-taking and thosewho perceived their parents as neglectful or permissive were found to engage in risky behaviors more frequently. The adol-escents' perception of the parents demanding behaviors, as associated with authoritative style parenting, was found to be a strong predictor of the risky behaviors. Mother’ s high edu-cation and family economic well-being are significantly associated with permissive mother’ s parenting which may be associated with high risk behaviors increase.

Crime imposes expenses on the society and puts the goverment in troublein implemnting economic policies. the present study aims at investigating the effect of poverty, unemployment and social factors on the theft and drug-related CRIMES. the present study is an applied one and questionnaire was used to collect the required data. prisonors of semnan central prison accused of theft and drug-related CRIMES formed the statistical population of the study. statistical sample was randomely selected. The findings demonstrated that unemployment exert different effects on theft and drug-related CRIMES. the findings also showed that the risk of crime has different effects on different types of CRIMES.

The present paper investigates factors contributing to committing CRIMES among prisoners 1. To fulfill the aims of the research, survey and documentary methods were used. From a methodological perspective, the present paper is ascribed to the causal co-relational category. Target population of the research includes prisoners of Markazi province prisons (sample size: 264). According to the results of regression analysis, the following 10 variables have impact on prisoners' social deviance: " the level of perverseness in family (0.29), sense of belonging to family (-0.28), unsuitable social environment (0.26), low age at first entrance into jail (0.25), religious COMMITMENT (-0.18), unemployment (0.17), peer groups (0.10), life satisfaction (-0.10), emotional needs fulfillment in family (-0.10) and sense of deprivation (0.09) with specified regression coefficients. As the coefficients show, variables of "sense of belonging to family, religious COMMITMENT, emotional needs fulfillment, and life satisfaction" have a decreasing effect on social deviation and the rest of the variables (which have positive coefficients) have an increasing effect on social deviance. In sum, in order to have a safe society one should pay attent, ion to different factors, among which are decreasing the level of deviance and increasing the sense of security among citizens. Different contexts of development (social, political, cultural and economic) are required for a safe society. Therefore there is no doubt in the necessity of recognition and decreasing the pathologies and the need for establishing a safe society.

At present, internet CRIMES occur in different forms which include: internet fraud, internet spionage, abuse of telephone networks, credit card abuse, insertion of virus into other people’ s computers and money laundering. Vast abuses in cyberspace cause taking precuations such as their incrimination of criminal topics by different countries. It is certain that executing legal punishment occurs in the setting of criminal qualification of that law and in this regard, distinguishing and unique features of cyberspane relative to the physical world have caused new and essential topics to take place in the fields of criminal qualification in cyberspace and new ideas to be brought up in a manner that some people call it the space without rule and some other believe that criminal qualification with its various manifestations can rule the cyberspace similar to that of the physical world. This research is aimed at identifying legal and executive gaps and presenting preventive measures. The research method in this article is of descriptive-analytical type. Information collection is in library form and in the note-taking format. What is noteworthy in this research is that there are many legal gaps in the areas of combating cyber CRIMES that are traceable and preventive due to everyday advancement of computer technology and other related sciences and making use of scientific forensics. There are variuos methods including safeguarding databases, service providing centers and updating that can block the way against the criminals of this industry.

Background and Aim: Imprisonment as a Criminological Subject, Contrary to the Globalized Literature, in Iranian Law, is Called a punishment that Seek to Transform and replace the imprisonment. But in the world literature, these Measures do not only include imprisonment. Alternative Measure are theoretically linked to reductionist Criminology and the policy of reducing the Scope of Criminal Law, that they are against just desert and Punitiveness and Today, Legal and Judicial authorities are paying attention to Medical CRIMES and they seek to reduce the destructive effects pf punishment on the perpetrators personality. Method: The Method of this study is descriptive-analytical and its data collection instrument is documentary-Library. Ethical Considerations: This article has completely adhered to the Moral Principles Honesty, Respect for Right and Confidentiality and the Principle of Material-Intellectual Property. Results: Today, referring to the principle of individualization of punishment, in the case of people such as doctors, the need to avoid the execution of punishment and the trend towards alternative measures is defended. Iran’s laws are relatively oriented towards these measures. Conclusion: Despite the emphasis on the use of alternative measures for medical CRIMES in irans Criminal Policy, the facts show that formal and repressive punishment are still cited and used by the courts more than any other measures. Please cite this article as: Mozafari A, Hasani MH, Zolfaghari M; purposes and function of alternatives to incarceration; with emphasis on medical crime, Medical Law Journal. 2024; 18: e13.

In some point of view, neither Michel Foucault nor Ibn Khaldun are considered philosophers in the conventional classifications, but both are very  important in intellectual and, of course, in philosophical contexts, especially for those who are interested in the deep study of human life from the perspective of political thought.The main concern of two thinkers, one in the 14th century, the other in the 20th century, is the issue  of power, although neither of them provided a precise definition of it. In this article, an attempt has been made to show the place of power and domination in the political thought of both thinkers by examining the thoughts of two thinkers. And in search of an answer to this question, how did Asabiyyah and industry of religion in Ibn Khaldun's thought and social control through self-technology and discipline in Foucault's thought lead to the expansion of the domination of power? This article is written by analytically comparing the opinions of two thinkers based on Ibn Khaldun's most important book called Muqaddimah and Foucault's late works

One of the most frequent rules in various areas of demonstrative jurisprudence of Two Major Sects of Islam religion is a rule that is known among Shīʿa as “tolerance in the evidence of traditions” (Arabic: التسامح فی أدلّة السنن) and in Sunnī as “latitudinarianism in documents” (Arabic: التساهل فی أسانید). Believers in the general application of this rule have based it for reasons such as consensus (Arabic: إجماع), tradition famous through practice (Arabic: الشهرة العملیّة), and rational judgement (intellectual judgement) and a group of aḥādīth (Arabic: أحادیث, plural form for ḥadīth, literally “talk” or “discourse”) called “Akhbar-e- Man Balagh” (Arabic: أخبار من بلغ). The understanding of the aforementioned narrations and the extent of application of this rule has caused a conflict of opinions among scholars. The narrations containing the excellences of suras of the Holy Book of Quran is one of the fields of application of the rule of tolerance. The present research has explained the types of exposure to this group of narrations based on the rule of tolerance by using descriptive-exploratory method and using library sources and seeks to find a suitable approach about narrations of the excellences of suras (chapters) of the Holy Book of Quran. The interaction with these narrations is organized based on a special reading of the rule of tolerance in the selected approach, which is based on a rational interpretation of the contents of Man-Balagh (Arabic: من بلغ)’s narrations and is compatible with the indications of some verses and traditions. The use of weak narrations containing the excellences of suras (chapters) will be permissible based on this approach considering three conditions and without any certainty of attributing these narrations to Sharʿ (Islamic rules).

How to profoundly change the beliefs of the polytheists during the age of revelation from the denial of the Prophet (pbuh) to the certainty of his Message and the acceptance of his full guardianship is a question worthy of attention. The order of verses about prophecy based on the order of revelation is the reason to lead a transformative process and a special Quranic method in institutionalizing the belief of prophecy in the lives of Arabs. In the first stage, the Holy Quran in the first Makkī (Arabic: المکّیّ, suras revealed in Mecca) chapters has prepared the community from the motivational side to accept the truth of the Prophet’s (pbuh) prophecy and briefly stating the key issues surrounding it. The Holy Book of Quran at the time of the emergence of oppositions and doubts (the second stage) destroyed the arguments of the polytheists and explained the prophecy and proved its authenticity from a cognitive perspective in the second stage by presenting clear arguments. and the Holy Book of Quran in the third stage after Madanī (Arabic: المدنیّ, suras revealed in Medina) period has undertaken measures in order to fulfill the goals of the Massage by explaining the true position of the Prophet (pbuh) to deepen and operationalize the Prophetic belief through explaining practical duties for the Prophet (pbuh) and behavior based on the acceptance of Walaya (Arabic: ولایة, meaning “guardianship” or “governance”).

The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the employment competencies of educational graduates from the perspective of view of employers. This research was applied in terms of purpose and was among the qualitative researches of Grounded Theory type. The participants of this research included 24 employers in the field of educational (interviewers for the Education recruitment exam, directors of non-state educational institutes, directors and recruitment officers of non-state schools, directors of kindergartens and preschools) in Birjand city. Data were collected using semi-structured interview and analyzed by Strauss and Corbin method and using MAXQDA-2020 software. In order to validate the research, two methods of member control and peer review or feedback were used. Consecutive review and comparison of data resulted in the extraction of 28 categories and 6 themes. Data analysis led to the formation of a sub-theory. The model shows that the focal variable is the process of education and teaching skills. The focal variable, under the influence of contextual and intermediate conditions, leads to the formation of the strategies of "being a lifelong learner", "research skills", "planning skills", "classroom skills and classroom management", "purposefulness" and "problem solving skills". became Finally, "increasing employability" was the consequence of this process.