This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different forms of cattle colostrum as fresh, frozen, and sour on performance, carcass traits, blood biochemical parameters, intestinal morphology, immunity, and antioxidant status of broiler chicks. In this experiment, 240 Ross-308 broiler chicks were used from 1 to 42 days in three experimental periods including: starter (1-10 days), grower (11-24 days) and finisher (25-42 days) in 4 treatments and 5 replicates (12 birds per replicate) in a completely randomized design. Treatments included: 1) control (without using colostrum), 2) 2% of fresh colostrum, 3) 2% of frozen colostrum and 4) 2% of sour colostrum. Colostrum was only added in the first ten days of broiler's rairing period in the diets. Colostrum had significant effects on performance, carcass traits, blood biochemical parameters, immunity, and antioxidant status of broiler chicks (P<0. 05). In the starter period, the highest daily feed intake was observed with fresh colostrum (P<0. 05). Fresh colostrum increased the spleen percentage (P<0. 05). Total blood cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins significantly increased by adding fresh colostrum in diet (P<0. 05). The blood level of glutathione peroxidase increased in broilers fed colostrum (P<0. 05). Adding colostrum upgraded the immunity status of broiler chicks (P<0. 05). Intestinal morphology did not change by adding colostrum (P>0. 05). The overall results showed that using 2% of colostrum in the starter period, especially fresh form has beneficial effects on broiler performance, carcass traits, blood biochemical parameters, immunity, and antioxidant status.

Purpose: To evaluate colostrum total protein differences between left and right breasts and between mothers of boy and girl infants.Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study for delivery was carried out on 30 boy-delivered and 30 girl-delivered mothers aged 16 to 36 years, conducted at the Izadi and Al-Zahra Hospitals in Qom city, Iran. Colostrum was collected from both breasts by manual milking within the first day of delivery. Total protein concentration was assessed by Biuret method using affiliated kits. The data was analyzed through the student’s t-test using the SPSS program.Results: Colostrum total protein was significantly higher in the left (166.9±13.1 mg/ml) and right (165.3±14.7 mg/ml) breasts of the boy-delivered mothers than in the left (144.8±4.1 mg/ ml) and right (122.7.3±7.4 mg/ml) breasts of the girl-delivered ones. It was also significantly higher in the left breast than the right breast in the girl-delivered mothers. However, there was no significant difference between the two breast colostrum total protein levels in the boydelivered mothers.Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that total protein of colostrum in the boydelivered mothers is greater than the girl-delivered mothers.

Afflation M1 (AFM1) is an important mycotoxin frequently found in milk and dairy products. Dairy products and colostrum may be contaminated by aflatoxin M1 when dairy cattle have fed with aflatoxin B1-contaminated feeds. This study was undertaken in a dairy farm around tehran province to determine the presence and level of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in spray dried and lyophilized colostrum Samples. In this study, 25 spray dried and lyophilized colostrum samples were analyzed using competitive Elisa for determining the presence and levels of AFM1. AFM1 was found in 76% of the colostrum samples. The range of contamination level was 16 ng/l to 1176 ng/l, (mean value was 213.37 ng /l). Ninety two percent of the contaminated samples exceeded the maximum acceptable levels (50 ng/l, eu standard) and 8% exceeded 500 ng/l. Due to human health hazard and high occurrence of AFM1 in colostrum samples, monitoring programs should be more extensive and frequent in Iran.

Background & aim: Colostrum feeding has a significant health benefit for neonates and infants, particularly in low-income countries, such as Ethiopia which has greater magnitudes of child starvation and mortality. However, colostrum is not given to newborns in the area under study for a various socio-cultural reasons and misconceptions. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the determinant of colostrum avoidance among postpartum mothers in Ethiopia. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was performed in Debre Tabor General Hospital, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia, from January 2 to June 28, 2019. A total of 437 postpartum mothers who had a child ≤ 6 weeks of age were included in this study. A systematic random sampling method was applied, and an interviewer administered the structured questionnaires to collect the data. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 23) using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. Results: The prevalence rate of colostrum avoidance was found to be 10. 5%. According to the results, the determinants of colostrum avoidance were postpartum mothers with non-formal educational status [AOR=3. 1, 95%C1=1. 51-6. 32], rural residency [AOR =5. 2, 95%Cl =2. 60-10. 40], primiparity [AOR =5. 1, 95%Cl =2. 30-11. 57], and lack of receiving counseling about breastfeeding during antenatal care [AOR =2. 6, 95%Cl =1. 32-5. 47]. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of colostrum avoidance was low in Debre Tabor General Hospital, compared to the results of other studies. Nevertheless, it is recommended to give routine and detailed counseling about breastfeeding during antennal care to decrease colostrum avoidance.