Background and Aim: Different surgical techniques have been proposed for crown exposure among patients under orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate periodontal indices in closed flap operation technique used for impacted teeth crown exposure.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study (2001-2003) 20 patients (15 females and 5 males), age ranging from 15 to 20 years, were participated. Following the performance of closed flap operation technique, in 12 patients impacted canine and central incisors were exposed and treated orthodontically. Periodontal parameters including sulcular depth, width of keratinized gingiva and attachment loss were recorded. Results: The mean of gingival sulcus depth was 1.50±0.43, the means of keratinized gingival in central incisors and canines were 3.07±0.53 and 2.30±0.42, respectively. In one patient, attachment loss was reported.Conclusion: Considering the optimal sulcular depth and keratinized gingiva, the closed flap operation technique seems suitable.

Introduction: The postoperative complications of a subcutaneous hematoma, seruma, or infection often delay hospital discharge and require interceptive techniques that include evacuation, debridement and restoration of damaged tissue. Closure of the dead space in subcutaneous tissues is one of the methods to minimize wound infection after cesarean delivery. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the role of subcutaneous tissue closure with its non- closure of wound in infection after cesarean delivery.Materials and Methods: The present study is a prospective randomized clinical trial. It assessed the risk of wound infection in females undergoing an elective or emergency cesarean section. Research population was 336 pregnant women who were divided randomly into two equal groups for closure or non- closure of subcutaneous tissue during the cesarean section. All women were given prophylactic antibiotics routinely. Outcome under study in present research was wound infection, which was diagnosed by emergence of signs such as discharge, swelling, tenderness, redness hardness of excision spots. Chi- square test and SPSS.9 software was used for assessment of the data. Results: Findings of this study indicated that there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic, obstetric and surgical characteristics. Extents of wound infection after the cesarean section were 11.3% (no=19) in the group with closed subcutaneous tissue and 6.5% (no=11) in the group of non- closed subcutaneous tissue.Conclusion: It appears that there is no significant benefit in using a subcutaneous stitch closure in comparison with non- closure of it in cesarean section.

In this article, the writers make a distinction between two types of text, open text and closed text. While the latter has a fixed and limited meaning, fixed signifiers and signifieds, with the signs always referring the reader to a fixed world, the former has the potential to be loaded with various meanings. To explicate the two types of text and the factors that make a text open, the writers draw on the views of great thinkers such as Rolan Barthes, Wolfgang Izer, Jacques Derrida and Carl Gustav Yung. The purpose of the article is to show how a familiarity with the western interpretations of Hermeneutics can affect our appreciation of Persian literature.

A weakly Berwald metric is called a conformally closed weakly Berwald metric if for any conformal change remains a weakly Berwald metric. In this paper, we study the conformally closed weakly Berwald metrics and find the necessary and sufficient condition under which a weakly Berwald metric be conformally closed. We show that a Randers metric is a conformally closed weakly Berwald metric if and only if it is a Riemannian metric or the conformal transformation is homothety.

The aim of this study was a comparison between average serum potassium changes following succinyl-choline injection in patients suffering from closed head injury and non - traumatized patients.This study was performed in Shahid Mobasher Kashani Hospital of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in 1995.Statistical population consisted of 63 patients suffering from closed head injury and non - traumatized patients admitted to hospital and transferred to operating room. On this basis and by means of the simple convenience sampling, 20 traumatized and 29 non - traumatized patients were selected and their blood samples checked.The exclusion criteria comprised of succinyl - choline usage contraindications.General anesthesia was induced in all patients by rapid sequence induction, with intravenous injection of thiopental and succinyl - choline. One blood sample was drawn just before and another one 5 minute after. The potassium and sodium of blood samples were measured by flame photometry method.Average increase in blood potassium after succinyl- choline injection in non - traumatized individuals was 0.03 meq/l (SD 0.19) and in traumatized group to be 0.05 meq/l (SD 0.22).The results were compared with t - test, which proved no significant difference. (p= 0.5, t= 0.33) It is concluded that succinyl - choline injection causes no significant blood potassium increase in the patient with closed head injury, and dose not cause hyperkalemia. Average blood potassium changes after Succinyl - choline injection in closed head injured and non - traumatized patients have no significant differences.

Arenas et al. [1] introduced the notion of -closed sets as a generalization of locally closed sets. In this paper, we introduce the notions of -locally closed sets,  -closed sets and  g-closed sets and obtain some decompositions of closed sets and continuity in topological spaces.