Londesia eriantha has sometimes been included in Bassia eriophora as a synonymy or as a variety of it. It has sometimes been known as a distinct species but under the genus Bassia. Both species occur in Iran and they are morphologically distinct and geographically separated. Londesia eriantha has no appendages on perianth segments and it distributes from C. Asia to the centre of Iran. Bassia eriophora bears rather long spines on perianth segments and it has a distribution from N. Africa eastwards through Palaestine and Arabia to S. of Iran. As appendages of Perianth in this group and also the whole CHENOPODIACEAE family are a generic diagnostic character, the two species are kept in different genera, i. e. Londesia and Bassia.

Foliar anatomy of three species of CHENOPODIACEAE family including Chenopodium album, Kochia prostrata and Noaea mucronata are studied. Various anatomical characters such as stomatal densities, guard cell length for the adaxial and abaxial epidermis, type of stomata, and density of trichome on surface, cuticle thickness, mesophyll type and variety of crystal are compared. Photosynthesis pathway is C4 in Kochia prostrata and Noaea mucronata. Foliar internal structure of species studied typically is characterized by xerophytes plants accompany by extensive central water-storage tissue which explains CHENOPODIACEAE adaptation to arid and semiarid area.  

The genus Salsola is one of the largest plant genera that has spread worldwide. This genus belongs to the family of Chenopodiceae, which recently joined the family Amaranthaceae. In Iran, there are 41 species often grow in saline and arid country. Identification of Salsola species, for the morphological similarities among species, diverse habitats and strong apparent differences between young and mature plants, difficulted for Botanist In this invistegation with plant samples collectition from different parts of the province, detected from 19 species of Salsola 16 species, which there were one of the main elements of the vegetation ranges and for these samples preapered identification key. Important distinguish of seperated for the species, in these of key were related to 17 qualitative and quantitative traits from vegetative and reproductive structures. Quantitative traits were included such as leaves, perianth with wings, style, stigma, plant height and canopy cover and too quality traits included of growth form, the crack, leaf shape, leaf tip, leaf arrangement, the leaf base shape, type of inflorescence, flowering time, the perianth parts, status of wings of perianth and embryo shape. From among these species were 7 species of annual and 9 perennial species. The genus Salsola with have deep root systems, high osmotic pressure and water use efficiency of different life forms as an important forage crop in the arid lands and for cultivation in saline soils where other crops do not good produce or regions that irrigation carry out only with saline water can be important.

The stem anatomy of 18 species belong to the genera Anabasis L., Haloxylon Bge., Hammada Iljin, Seidlitzia Bge. ex Boiss. of the tribe Salsoleae (CHENOPODIACEAE) was examined. Anatomical characters with numerical analysis provided some significant data for the delimitation of taxa at the generic and specific levels.

Pollen grains micromorphological characteristics in nine genera of CHENOPODIACEAE (Atriplex, Bassia, Bienertia, Chenopodium, Dysphania, Haloxylon, Kochia, Salsola, and Suaeda) that tolerate more difficult ecological conditions in Iran were examined by Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The obtained results showed that, the pollen grains quantitative and qualitative micromorphological characters were different in the studied species. A dendrogram obtained from the pollen grain characters in our research placed these taxa on two groups and three pollen types. Although, pollen group 1 had not taxonomical values. Pollen group 2 partly was in agreement with taxonomical level based on recently taxonomical and phylogenetic works including type A (Atriplex), type C (Chenopodium), and type D (Dysphania). Pore number had a major role to construct group 2. The number of echinate on pore membrane and on 10 μ m2 area of exine had major roles in constructing of group 1. The other pollen grains characters were important for the delimitation of both groups.

The genus Anabasis ( CHENOPODIACEAE) according to new resource, has ten species and two varieties with wide distribution in Iran. This genus has taxonomical complexity in morphological study. A cladistic analysis using anatomical and morphological data in Anabasis was performed in order to search phylogenetic relationships among its species in Iran. Ten species were included as terminal taxa and four species of two genus, Haloxylon and Hammada include Hal. ammodendron, Hal. persicum, Ham. Salicornica and Ham. griffithii to root the trees. Twenty four anatomical and six morphological characters were used in the analysis. To study and avoid of polymorphism, we used replicates for samples. The character states considered as unordered because transformation series were unknown. 84 parsimonious tree according to Fitsch, with a 73 steps length was obtained ( CI= 54, RI= 56). Most parsimonious Cladogram confirm the monophyly of Anabasis. Bootstrapping test for total characters matrix confirm the monophyly of Anabasis (BP=73), with a clade consisting of A. annua, A. setifera, A. eugeniae and A. salsa (BP=84). Results of this research confirmed position of species of Anabasis distributed in Iran, based on Flora of Iran.

Chromosome counts are reported from 19 populations representing seven genera and 11 taxa of the subfamily Salicornioideae (CHENOPODIACEAE) from Iran. In all studied accessions a basic chromosome number of x=9 is reported. First chromosome numbers are reported for Halostachys belangeriana (2n=8x=72), Halopeplis pygmaea (2n=2x=18) and Kalidium capsicum (2n=4x=36). The species of the genus Salicornia are divided into tetraploid and diploid groups. The newly described endemic species S. persica is only tetraploid (2n=4x=36). But the diploid group (2n=2x=18) may represent three different taxa.

Aim and Background: The genus Salsola is the largest genus in subfamily of Salsoloideae containing 100 species.Materials and Methods. Some characteristics such as resistance to drought, saline, pests, diseased, grazing and having deep root system and different life forms make it suitable forage plant in arid lands. Different species of this genus are cultivated in salty lands where no other crops could give a good yield, or in areas where irrigation is possible only by salty water.Results: The main aim of this investigation is the ecology survey of some species of Salsola in Golestan province where, different species of Salsola are the main plants in the vegetation. Annual species are distributed in lowlands with maximum % 15 slopes.Conclusion: Habitats of three species, S. arbusculiformis, S. orientalis and S. tomentosa differ from the others in ecological condition where they grow in elevations (Max 1500 m) and pediment zone.