According to classical texts, Dara stands out as a significant city from the early Parthian era, situated on the eastern fringes of the Parthian Empire. Classical sources have documented this region under various names such as Apavortene, Zapaortenon, Partauticena, and Apauarcticena. Since the latter half of the nineteenth century, Iranologists have engaged in speculation about the location of Dara, drawing insights from descriptions provided by Justin and Pliny, as well as references to its whereabouts in classical texts. This research endeavors to offer relative conjectures concerning the location of Dara and Shahr-Tepe, a potential site representing it, through an evaluation of archaeological data alongside classical and Islamic texts. To achieve the research objectives using a descriptive-analytical approach, the study employs the library research method and incorporates archaeological data. In alignment with classical texts, the research suggests that the province of Apavortene is situated in Eastern Iran, and there exists a likelihood that the Islamic-period Abivard is a transformed manifestation of this Parthian-period province. Aditionally, a comparative examination of Dara in classical texts with present-day Shahr-Tepe in Dargaz reveals congruence, aligning with the descriptions provided by Justin and Pliny. Shahr-Tepe, located on the opposite side of Hezar Masjed Mountains between Nisa and Abivard, exhibits a singular historical period. Surrounded by Hezar Masjed Mountains, the region boasts an abundance of rivers and springs, expansive meadows, and remnants of forests within Tandooreh National Park and Tivan region. These characteristics confirm the general depiction of Apavortene and Dara found in classical sources. Collectively, these findings suggest that Shahr-Tepe, covering an area of approximately 70 hectares, could indeed represent the prominent city of the early Parthian period

Nowdays, many dams are building in karstic areas, and usually due to the complex hydrogeology of karst areas, the sealing of these dams are more difficult, longer and expensive than other dams, and the possibility of water leakage from them is higher. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the role of karst development in the dams’ sites. The Abivard dam is an earthen type with a clay core, with a height of 51 m and a lake volume of 43 MCM, near Ilanjogh village. The emergence of downstream springs in calcareousness Kalat formation, after temporary dewatering of Abivard dam, the development of karst due to the outflow of water is considered as the most important problem of the dam. In this article, the development of karst in the area and dam site were investigated by carrying out the geological, structural geology, geotechnical permeability and analysis hierarchy process (AHP) studies. The results show that about 2.4 % of the the Abivard dam area (680 km2) has a high potential of karst development and there is water leakage and water escape from the Kalat formation on the right hand side and in under the dam, but still karst is not well developed. According to the prepared structural-conceptual model for the dam and the location of the dam reservoir relative to the Kalat formation layering slope, which is parallel to the sothern limb of Abivard syncline, there is a possibility of karst development in the dam site.

There have been important cities & towns which some of them has been destroyed' but some of them exist yet; the cities & towns which their great Elites have world fame' but the towns themselves have been forgotten; the places such as Abivard in Khorasan ‘Mybodin Yazd' Sohrvard in Zanjan & Beizaa in Fars.This article pays attention to the appearance of "Beizaa" in the Iranian culture' history & geography and pays to introduce some of it's famouses such as: Sybuyeh’ Hallaaj; Ibn Moqleh beizaavy Qaazy beizaavy & ….

Early man started from the most basic stage to solve his problems and problems, and with the help of some experimental relationships, he was able to know his surroundings more or less, and in this way, he became aware of the ups and downs of existence. One of these sciences is the science of psychology. The lack of compromise and the existence of behavior disorders are very evident and abundant in human societies. There are unbalanced people living in every class and trade and in every group and community. Therefore, in the case of all people, including workers and scholars, doctors and engineers, farmers, university professors, etc., there is a risk of suffering from mental disorders. In other words, no human being is immune to diseases. Shy behavior and isolationism is one of the relatively common behaviors that annoys a person severely and if it is not treated, it leads to other problems such as lack of self-confidence, It will lead to depression, anxiety and irritability. The lack of feeling empowered, as well as the inability to express feelings, express thoughts and ideas, separates the individual from group activities. The special attention of parents and teachers to thebasics of social education and strengthening communication skills is one of the most basic issues in the prevention and treatment of shyness in children and adolescents. In the recent academic year, I met a student named Amir at Nawab Abivard Boys' Primary School, who had the problem of shyness, lack of communication with others, and severe separation anxiety from his mother.

Persian literature has seen many ups and downs over time and has gone through various periods, and the poets of each era have had different styles and ways of thinking. Undoubtedly the geographical conditions of the regions of the country influence the formation of different styles of Persian poetry. Poetry is history, and one can find different information about a poet's society, culture and life by reviewing the poetry courses of poets. Style is a definite way of expressing a story, and how the narrator delivers his material in a specific way has many periods. One of the divisions of literary genres is geographical. Understanding the geographical distribution of poetic regions is of great benefit to scholars and researchers in the development and development of Persian poetry. The study of areas such as Khorasan, Fars, Ray, etc. shows that these areas have long been the main focus of Persian poetry and poetry. . In order to analyze the geographical distribution of Persian poets, all the poets of Persian literature in the sources were studied and then 205 famous poets with specific birth certificates and Divan were selected and then the geographical distribution of these poets in terms of place of birth was studied. Different styles of Persian literature were studied. In addition, ArcGIS, Google Earth, Excel, and SPSS software were used to map the geographical distribution and plot the relevant charts. . The results showed that in terms of the birthplace of Persian poets, the cities of Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Tabriz, Neyshabour and Balkh are among the first priority among which 10 to 15 poets were born in Persian literature. . The cities of Kashan, Mashhad, Bukhara, Merv, Qazvin, Kerman and Damghan are in the second priority, where 4 to 10 poets were born in Persian literature. Also the cities of Toos, Sabzevar, Shooshtar, Kermanshah, Gorgan, Hamedan, Abivard, Termez, Tonekabon, Rasht, Ray, Samarkand, Sistan, Ghazneh, Ganjeh Herat are in the third priority among 2 to 3 poets in Persian literature. They were born.