Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Limited information is available about the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in rural areas of Iran.Materials and Methods: A total 1402 adults (1042 females and 360 males), aged between 18-90 yrs, participated in a community-based cross-sectional study. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was determined by the definition of the National Cholestrol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII), and results were compared with those based on the revised ATPIII and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions.Results: Overall prevalence of ATP III defined metabolic syndrome was 25.6% compared to 29% and 33% using the revised ATP III, IDF definition respectively. The results of multiple logistic regression model showed after adjusting for age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), marital status, and education level, there was no difference between men and women for metabolic syndrome (P=0.2) by ATP III and revised ATP III definitions while prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 1.97 times greater in women versus men (95% CI: 1.4 - 2.7, p<0.001) by the IDF-definition. Sex-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome (by three definitions) increased 1.05%, for each one year increase in age [95% CI: (1.04-1.06)]. In the current study, low serum High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) was the most common component of metabolic syndrome, while high fasting plasma glucose was the least common.Conclusion: These results show that the metabolic syndrome is prevalent in rural areas and interventional strategies should be considered for weight reduction and treating components of metabolic syndrome in this population.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a collection of metabolic disorders that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL level, hyperglycemia and HTN. With regard to the development of CVD disease in recent years, the present study was completed to determine the degree of metabolic syndrome prevalence in the adult population of Semnan province.Materials and Methods: This epidemiological cross-sectional study was carried out in the province of Semnan (Iran) on 3799 individuals between 30 and 70 years of age. In the study, multi-stage individuals were randomly selected from urban and rural environments and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was determined according to ATPIII and IDF criteria.Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to ATPIII and IDF was 28.5% and 35.8% respectively, and increased with age in both sexes. The highest degree of prevalence was seen in the above- 60-years age group. The Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in women on basis of both definitions; it was higher among non-smokers on basis of the IDF definition (P<0.05).Decrease in the prevalence of the syndrome had significant relation to literacy. There was no significant difference of metabolic syndrome prevalence between urban and rural settings. Among the risk factors of metabolic syndrome according to ATPIII and IDF, high triglycerides (40.8%) and abdominal obesity (70.8%) had the highest prevalence respectively.Conclusion: The findings show the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the 30 to 70 year-old population. Therefore, the identification of the risk factors should be attempted to prevent syndrome acquisition.

Introduction: We sought to compare methods currently used by physicians of the city of Yazd to treat hyperlipidemia and the standard recommended treatment of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII). Methods and Materials: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 146 adult patients, selected by random stratified sampling, from among patients admitted to medical diagnostic laboratories of Yazd. Inclusion criteria were: concentration of TG and Cholesterol ≥ 200mg/dL (or more) observed, following first visit to a physician. Serum of patients was collected for measuring HDL (and LDL) and a questionnaire was completed before and after treatment. The method used by these physicians was then compared to the NCEP-ATPIII recommended standard treatment. Results: From 146 patients that participated in our study, 85 patients (58.2%) were female, 49 patients (33.6%) had DM, 11 female patients (12.9%) had had premature menopause, 9(6.2%) had a family history of early coronary disease, 8(5.5%) were smokers and 43(29.5%) had hypertension. Mean number of ischemic heart disease (I.H.D) risk factors in females were significantly less than in males (p=0.000). Mean H.D.L and cholesterol in females were significantly higher than in males (p=0.038 and p=0.031 respectively). Only 86 patients (58.9%) were treated according to recommended NCEP guidlines. Undertreatment was most common (31.5%). Patients with D.M., positive history of I.H.D, and LDL concentration over 160 mg/dL were more mismanaged. Conclusion: Physicians of Yazd poorly comply with NCEP-ATPIII, a problem is more noticeable in-patients at high risk for I.H.D.

Background: Different criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome (MES). In April 2005, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has formulated a new worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome in a global consensus statement built on earlier WHO, the ATPIII definitions. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of this syndrome using the IDF definition among Iranian adults and to compare it with the prevalence estimated using the two other definitions.Methods: The prevalence of the MES was determined according to the three different definitions in 10368 men and women aged³20 years participated in the cross-sectional phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). To assess the degree of agreement between different MES definitions, the k test was used.Results: The prevalence of MES (95% confidence interval) was 32.1% (31.2-33.0) by the IDF definition, 33.2% (32.3-34.1) by the ATPIII and 18.4% (17.6-19.2) according to the WHO definition.The sensitivity, specificity and concordance of the IDF definition for detecting MES were 91%, 89% for the ATPIII definitions and 73%, 77% for the WHO definition, respectively. The k statistics for the agreement of the IDF definition was 66.3±0.01 with the ATPIII and 39.5±0 with the WHO definition.Conclusion: In the Iranian population, the IDF definition for MES has a good concordance with the ATP III definition and a low concordance with the WHO definition.

INTRODUCTION: The clustering of several cardiovascular disease risk factors such as abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and disturbances in glucose metabolism has been termed the Metabolic Syndrome (MS). The MS has been shown to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that CVD is the main cause of worldwide mortality; they have also linked diabetes to an increased risk of mortality due to CVD. METHODS: According to the ATP III (Adult Treatment Panel) reports, individuals having three or more of the following criteria are defined as having the MS: abdominal obesity (waist circumference > 102 cm in men and >88 cm in woman), hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dl), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL<40 mg/dl in men and <50 mg/dl in women), high fasting blood sugar (FBS) (FBS≥110 mg/dl) and high blood pressure (BP) (BP≥130/85 mmHg). The SPSS package (SPSS Chicago IL) was used and the significance level was set at P<0.05. RESULTS: Overall, the age-adjusted prevalence of the MS was 25.4% and 21.7% in the urban and rural areas of Isfahan, respectively. It was the highest among 50-59-year-old rural Isfahani women (68.9%) and the lowest among rural Araki men (5.6%). DISCUSSION: We found approximately 21.9% of Iranian adults living in Central Iran to have the MS. In summary, this study showed an increasing risk of the MS among middleaged woman in urban areas owing to their physical quality of life. The results indicate that primary prevention should not only consider biological risk factors, but also take account of sociodemographic variables to identify individuals at high risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.    

Background and Aim: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a kind of metabolic disturbance generally coincident with abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and variation in glucose tolerance test .MS can be a prognostic parameter for fatal diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes Mellitus. Different factors affect the prevalence of the disease.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, patients were selected according to ATP III (Adult Treatment Panel). The existence of at least three factors of the following was the criteria for affliction with the disease: (1) abdominal obesity with waist circumference  102 cm in men and ³88 cm in woman,  (2) hypertriglyceridemia ³150 mg/dL, (3) low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women, (4) blood pressure ³130/85 mmHg, (5) diabetic history and taking anti-glycemic drugs or having fasting blood sugar ≥110 mg/dL, (6) high blood pressure ³130/85 mmHg. The obtained data were statistically analyzed through SPSS software at the significant level P<0.05. Then, the frequency distribution of MS factors was determined with regard to age, sex, and habitation.Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of the MS was 25.4% and 21.7% in urban and rural area of Isfahan respectively. MS was higher among the women of Isfahan and central cities compared to men. Its highest frequency was seen in the eldery people (over 60) living in Isfahan villages (68.9%(Conclusion: It was found that approximately 21.9% of Iranian adults living in the central part of Iran suffer from MS. In summary, this study showed an increased risk of MS among middle-aged women in urbun areas which may be due to their insufficient physical activity.. The results indicate that the primary prevention should not only consider biological risk factors, but must also take socio-demographic conditions into account in order to identfy persons of high risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its association with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Iranian older individuals.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of the MetS was determined according to the Third Adult Treatment Panel (ATPIII), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions in 720 men and women aged≥65 years. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR) of developing CHD in model 1 an age adjusted model, in model 2 adjusted for age, smoking status, premature history of CHD and LDL cholesterol and in model 3 adjusted for mentioned variables in model 2 plus the components of the MetS according to each definition.Results: The prevalence of MetS was 50.8%, 41.9% and 41.8% by ATPIII, IDF and the WHO definitions, respectively. IDF had high agreement with the ATPIII definition. In model 2, the ATPIII and the WHO definitions of MetS were associated with CHD by the odds ratio of 1.6 (1.1-2.2) and 1.7 (1.9-2.4), respectively. In model 3, obesity (WHO definition) and high blood pressure (ATPIII and WHO definitions) were associated with CHD.Conclusion: As defined by the ATPIII and WHO definitions, the MetS was associated with CHD even after adjustment for the conventional CHD risks, but after further adjustment for their components none of these definitions showed association with CHD.

Background and Objective: Metabolic syndrome comprises a collection of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and central obesity. Patients with this syndrome are highly predisposed for mortality due to cardiovascular disease. The importance of prompt diagnosis of metabolic syndrome threatening the population of physicians and their health which stand in a close relationship to the health of the entire society led us to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors among physicians of Zanjan city.Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional study included 321 physicians (182 men and 139 women). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was evaluated based on ATPIII criteria. Moreover, prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was evaluated and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software.Results: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 18.7%. Hypertriglyceridemia and low-HDL were the most common components of metabolic syndrome in men and women, respectively. Also, low physical activity was the most common risk factor in both genders. This study enlightened that the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in male physicians exceeded females.Conclusion: In regard to the obtained results, provision of some facilities with a superior focus on the treatment of correctable disorders and inhibiting progression of the risk factors especially in male physicians is recommended.

PURPOSE: So far, a variety of prevalence rates have been reported for the metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to several definitions. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of MetS in Iran according to two definitions and compare the characteristics of the subjects who met the MetS criteria according to the different definitions.METHODS: Participants were recruited from family registries of public health centers. After obtaining demographic and clinical data, the subjects underwent anthropometric measurements and laboratory evaluations. MetS was defined according to the NCEP-ATPIII and IDF criteria. The subjects were then categorized into 3 groups: 1.Healthy non-MetS subjects based on either definition, 2.Individuals with MetS according to only one of the definitions, and 3.Individuals who met both NCEP-ATPIII and IDF criteria for MetS.RESULTS: Totally, 5826 subjects in Amol and 2243 subjects in Zahedan were enrolled in the study. The weighted prevalence of MetS according to the NCEP-ATPIII and IDF criteria was 27.8% and 26.9% in Amol and 12% and 11.8% in Zahedan, respectively. Overall, 18.9% of the subjects fulfilled both criteria for MetS. However, a considerable proportion (8.5%) met the MetS criteria according to only one definition but not both.CONCLUSIONS: MetS is increasingly prevalent in Iran as well as other parts of the world. Due to non-uniform definitions of MetS, some of the subjects who meet MetS according to one set of criteria might be considered healthy according to another definition and consequently would not receive the preventive health services.