Background: Long term follow up of war-related bilateral upper limb amputees is rarely reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate functional problems of residual limbs of these patients.Methods: During a cross sectional study, we gathered 98 patients suffering bilateral upper limb amputation following Iran-Iraq was and an experienced orthopaedic specialist visited all the subjects in regards of stump conditions. The amputees were all men except one; and being visited 16.9±5.9 years after injury. The mean age was 37.2±9.7 years (15-82 years). Results: 54.5% of the amputated limbs were at finger or wrist level; 34.2% had been performed below elbow and transhumeral or higher amputation was seen in 11.3% of the subjects. 41.8% of the patients had not undergone any more operation after the injury; while 4.5% had history of single and 33.2%more than one surgeries after injury (mean: 3.5±4.6; range: 1-33). 40.9% of the stumps didn’t have standard length to wear prosthesis. Too little soft tissue bulk (22%), adhesion of soft tissue to bone and scar (24.2%), and neuroma (37%) were also reported. Evaluations revealed that 35.2% of the stumps needed more surgeries. No statistical correlation between presence of any orthopaedic problem of the stump and sue of the prosthesis, level of amputation and number of operation of stumps was found (p ³0.05).Conclusions: Stump problems along with low rate of limb usage, lack of rehabilitative programs and insufficient training and support for prosthesis usage would result in disuse of assistive devices.

Aims: This study aimed to determine amputation-related factors that affected the activities of daily living in persons with amputations. Instrument & Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Babylon Rehabilitation Centre from August 1st and November 20th, 2023. The study sample consists of 250 amputees using a standardized questionnaire. Data were collected through the interviews and analyzed by applying descriptive and inferential statistical approaches. Findings: A significant portion of amputees (63.6%) exhibited poor activities of daily living, with factors such as age (p=0.0001), gender (p=0.008), amputation reasons (p=0.0001), site (p=0.005), and duration (p=0.0001) being predictive variables according to simple linear regression analysis. Conclusion: Amputees are poorly able to do the activities of their daily living.

Aims: Amputation has become one of the problems of today's society, whether it is related to lifestyle or due to accident or disease. There are a large number of people who have amputated one or both lower limbs, and this situation is increasing worldwide. This study aimed to assess the self-esteem and its correlation with quality of life in amputees. Instruments & Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted in the Babylon Rehabilitation Center from October 1, 2022 to March 10, 2023. The study sample was 200 amputees referred to Babylon Rehabilitation Center, which selected based on nonprobability sampling approach. Research variables were measured by Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Findings: The mean age of participants was 51.0±14.42 years. 54.0% and 60.5% of amputees had low self-esteem and poor quality of life, respectively. The self-esteem in amputees predicted variables of psychological quality of life (p=0.0001), social quality of life (p=0.001) and overall quality of life (p=0.0001). Conclusions: Amputees who participate in rehabilitation have a very low overall quality of life and self-esteem, and there is a direct correlation between self-esteem and quality of life in amputees.

Aims: The quality of life among amputees is a multifaceted concept influenced by various factors. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life among amputees and its associated socio-demographic characteristics. Instrument & Methods: This descriptive correlational study was carried out at the Al-Rusafa Health Directorate in Baghdad City from October 1, 2023, to March 21, 2024. The study sample comprised 200 clients selected through non-probability sampling. The used questionnaire underwent validation by experts, and its reliability was confirmed through a pilot study. Data were collected via interviews and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The average age of the participants was 49.68 years, with the majority being male (65.5%), married (63%), and having completed middle school (49.5%). Among the participants, 42.5% were retirees, with most having incomes of 100 to less than 200 dollars per month (47%). Health conditions, particularly in the lower extremities (73%), led to amputation, with an average of 14.71 years since the amputation and 48.5% since the use of prostheses. The simple linear regression analysis showed that increased healthcare services were linked to enhanced physical, psychological, social, and overall quality of life (p=0.0001). Conclusion: There is a robust and positive correlation between healthcare services for amputees and their comprehensive QOL, encompassing physical, psychological, and social aspects.