The current research was conducted with the aim of the effect of attachment style on emotion regulation with the mediating role of identity style. The research method was descriptive and structural equation analysis. The statistical population of the research was all second year high school students of Kashan city in the academic year of 1400-1401, of which 500 people were selected by random cluster method. Data were collected based on three questionnaires: Gross & Jan (2003) Emotional Regulation Inventory, Identity Style Scale (6G-ISI) and Collins and Reid (1990) Attachment Style Questionnaire. The data are obtained by structural equation modeling and using Laserl 8.8 and 26 spss software. analyzed. Based on the results, secure attachment style at a significance level of 0.01, avoidant attachment style at a significance level of 0.05, and ambivalent attachment style at a significance level of 0.01 directly predicted emotion regulation. Among the three attachments, secure attachment style predicted emotion regulation at a significant level of 0.01, with the mediation of identity styles. Informational identity style at a significance level of 0.01, confused identity style at a significance level of 0.05 directly predicted emotion regulation. Among the three attachments, only the secure attachment style at a significance level of 0.01 had a significant role in predicting the normative identity style. According to the results of this study, emotion regulation is one of the most important constructs of educational psychology and an important factor in determining mental health and successful performance. It is in education that the factors affecting emotion regulation and its antecedents should be identified. Planning for training and holding educational workshops in this field in schools is suggested for students.

Background and Purpose: In recent decades, there has been a concerning increase in the prevalence and diversity of substance use problems in all countries of the world. Emphasizing the importance of prevention, this study aims to identify factors that increase vulnerability to addiction and to model the causal relationship of adolescent vulnerability to addiction based on affective-emotional temperaments, considering the mediating role of sensitivity to rejection. Method: This study employed a descriptive–correlational design using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The statistical population included all all secondary school students (10th, 11th, and 12th grades with an age range of 16-19 years) studying in Osku city in the 2023-2024 academic year. Therefore, 465 individuals were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method and responded to the Identifying People in Risk of Addiction Questionnaire (I.P.R.A.) by Anisi (2013), Affective and Emotional Temperament Scale (AFECT; Lara et al. 2012), and the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ; Downey and Feldman, 1996). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation methods and structural equation modeling with SPSS-23 and SmartPLS-3. Results: Structural equation modeling results revealed that emotional temperament (R = 0.283, p = 0.000), affective temperament (R = 0.267, p = 0.000), and rejection sensitivity (R = 0.377, p = 0.000) have a positive and significant relationship with vulnerability to addiction. Moreover, the results indicated that emotional temperament (β = 0.267, p ≤ 0.01), affective temperament (β = 0.283, p ≤ 0.001), and rejection sensitivity (β = 0.657, p ≤ 0.01) had significant direct positive effects on addiction vulnerability. Emotional temperament also indirectly influenced addiction vulnerability through rejection sensitivity (β = 0.113, p ≤ 0.01) and emotional temperament has an indirect effect on vulnerability to addiction through rejection sensitivity (P ≥0.01; ß=0.515). In conclusion, the results showed that the proposed model has a goodness-of-fit indices. Conclusion: The results of this research have important implications for using the proposed model to identify ADOLESCENTS at risk of addiction. It can be utilized to design preventive interventions aimed at reducing vulnerability to addiction among students.

Background and Aim: There are some reasons for doing qualitative researches: the importance of the health as a fundamental concept, the adolescence as an important period, lots of age-related special risk factors, and the uniqueness of ADOLESCENTS in their perspectives to the society are some examples. The aim of this content analysis study was exploration of perspectives on health among ADOLESCENTS of Lore ethnicity as an important Iranian ethnic minority.Materials and Methods: Twenty-five ADOLESCENTS have been interviewed deeply and openly considering to ethical issues until data saturation. A Qualitative Content Analysis has been carried out for data analysis.Results: Content analysis on explanation of ADOLESCENTS showed four categories: experiencing educational difficulties, the role of internalized religious beliefs in ADOLESCENTS' health, economical problems, and social resources and supports. ADOLESCENTS pointed out on educational and socio-economical factors as well as the crucial role of religious behaviors and social participations. Some related factors for the sense of not being healthy were: the experience of discrimination, lack of educational facilities, motiveless teachers, exam stress, economical problems, exhausted busy parents, and lack of social facilities. ADOLESCENTS' health promotions are among priorities of national development program. Therefore, social facilities like job opportunities, cleaning society of cigarette, alcohol and addictive materials play a crucial role in ADOLESCENTS' health from their points of view.Conclusion: Providing ADOLESCENTS' health is the milestone of national development. Promotion of social services, especially job opportunities, controlling alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking and providing teaching can promote ADOLESCENTS' health.

Objective(s): The purpose of this methodological research was to translate the Hopefulness Scale for ADOLESCENTS (HSA) into Persian and study its psychometric properties in a convenience sample of 120 Iranian institutionalized ADOLESCENTS.Methods: Translation and back-translation of the original English scale and content validation through Waltz and Bussel Content Validity Index were initial steps of the study. The next step was the psychometric testing of the adapted scale by establishing construct validity (factor analysis), criterion-related validity, internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and stability (test-retest reliability).Results: Content validity procedure resulted in a final scale that consisted of 24 items (like the original version). Factor analysis yielded one factor. Correlation between HSA and Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem Inventory and Sherer’s Self-Efficacy Scale were r=0.59 (P<0.001) and r=0.487 (P<0.001). Internal consistency of the scale as assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was α=0.83, and test-retest reliability with a 2-week time interval was ICC=0.60.Conclusion: The Persian version of HSA is a valid & reliable scale to measure hopefulness in institutionalized ADOLESCENTS.